Genetics News

New Research Sheds Light on Evolutionary History of Tardigrade Extremotolerance

A photograph of the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, in the center of a phylogeny of CAHS, the largest of the six desiccation-related protein families analyzed by Fleming et al. Image credit: Kazuharu Arakawa, Keio Institute of Advanced Biosciences.
Jan 30, 2024 by News Staff

Tardigrades, also known as water bears, can tolerate high doses of radiation, low-oxygen environments, desiccation, and both high and low temperatures under a dormant state called anhydrobiosis, which is a reversible halt of metabolism upon almost complete desiccation. A large amount of research has focused on the genetic pathways related to these capabilities, and a number of genes have been identified and linked to the extremotolerant response of...

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Coffea arabica. Image credit: Fadhil Asqar.

Scientists Produce Chromosome-Scale Genome Sequence for Arabica Coffee

Jan 24, 2024 by Natali Anderson

Researchers from the Istituto di Genomica Applicata and elsewhere have released an improved genome assembly for Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica), a hybrid...

Chirodota heheva in the Gulf of Mexico. Image credit: Aquapix and Expedition to the Deep Slope 2007.

Scientists Sequence Genome of Hydrothermal Vent-Dwelling Sea Cucumber

Jan 3, 2024 by Natali Anderson

Researchers in China have mapped the entire genome of Chiridota heheva, a species of sea cucumber collected at a depth of 2,428 m during a submarine trip...

Confocal micrograph of Epulopiscium viviparus. Image credit: Sannino et al., doi: 10.1073/pnas.2306160120.

Researchers Sequence Genome of Giant Symbiotic Bacterium

Dec 19, 2023 by News Staff

Giant bacteria are intriguing, underexplored biological enigmas. Many well-studied giants use abundant internal small-molecule stores and/or light to satisfy...

Transcriptomic cell-type taxonomy of the whole mouse brain. Image credit: Yao et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06812-z.

Researchers Create Comprehensive Map of Mouse Brain

Dec 18, 2023 by News Staff

The mouse is the most commonly used vertebrate experimental model in neuroscience research, and the new atlas paves the way for a greater understanding...

The human genome contains approximately half a million copies of LINE-1. Image credit: Baldwin et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06947-z.

Scientists Reveal Structure of Ancient Virus-Like Genetic Element

Dec 18, 2023 by News Staff

The Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon is an ‘ancient genetic parasite’ that has written around one third of the human genome through...

Chia seeds. Image credit: Valeria Lu.

Researchers Sequence Chia Genome

Dec 14, 2023 by Natali Anderson

Chia (Salvia hispanica) is one of the most popular nutrition-rich foods and pseudocereal crops of the mint family Lamiaceae. Chia seeds are a rich source...

Velazquez-Arcelay et al. found that genetic material from Neanderthal ancestors may have contributed to the propensity of some people today to be early risers, the sort of people who are more comfortable getting up and going to bed earlier. Image credit: Holger Neumann / Neanderthal Museum.

Neanderthals Were Early Risers, New Research Suggests

Dec 14, 2023 by News Staff

When the ancestors of modern Eurasians migrated out of Africa and interbred with Eurasian archaic hominins, namely Neanderthals and Denisovans, DNA of...

Pelage color variation in the North American bison (Bison bison): (a) albino bison; note the white pelage, hypopigmented eyes, and hypopigmented skin particularly around eyes and nose; (b) typical wild-type bison pelage color. Image credit: Stroupe et al., doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad156 / National Buffalo Museum / Searle Swedlund of Jamestown, ND.

Researchers Produce High-Quality Genome Assembly for North American Bison

Nov 22, 2023 by News Staff

In their new research, scientists at Texas A&M University developed a highly contiguous chromosome-level reference genome for the North American bison...

The tiger (Panthera tigris). Image credit: Chiem Seherin.

Comparative Genomic Study Sheds New Light on Cat Evolution

Nov 7, 2023 by News Staff

New research led by Texas A&M University and the University of Missouri scientists explains how cats, including domestic cats, lions, tigers, Geoffroy’s...

The European wildcat (Felis silvestris). Image credit: Michael Gäbler / CC BY 3.0 Deed.

European Wildcats and Domestic Cats Did Not Mix Until 1960s, New Research Shows

Nov 7, 2023 by Natali Anderson

In two related studies, researchers from the University of Oxford and elsewhere sequenced the genomes of wildcats and domestic cats, including 48 modern...

Gene expression data reveal the deployment of the patterning system in the sea star Patiria miniata. Image credit: Formery et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06669-2.

Bodies of Starfish and Other Echinoderms are Really Just Heads, New Research Suggests

Nov 2, 2023 by News Staff

For centuries, naturalists have puzzled over what might constitute the head of starfish. When looking at a worm, or a fish, it’s clear which end is the...

While a human perpetrator may take pains not to leave their own DNA behind, transferred cat hair contains its own DNA that could provide a link between a suspect and a crime-scene, or a victim. Image credit: Alexas_Fotos.

Hair Shed by Pet Cats is Useful Source of Forensic Evidence, Study Says

Nov 1, 2023 by News Staff

A single cat hair contains DNA which could link a suspect and a crime-scene, or a victim, according to a new study led by University of Leicester scientist...

Understanding the genetic basis of convergence at broad phylogenetic scales remains a key challenge in biology. Kingfishers are a cosmopolitan bird radiation with diverse colors, diets, and feeding behaviors -- including the archetypal plunge-dive into water. Given the sensory and locomotor challenges associated with air-water transitions, kingfishers offer a powerful opportunity to explore the effects of convergent behaviors on the evolution of genomes and phenotypes, as well as direct comparisons between continental and island lineages. Eliason et al. use whole-genome sequencing of 30 diverse kingfisher species to identify the genomic signatures associated with convergent feeding behaviors. Image credit: Robert Balog.

New DNA Study Shines Light on Plunge-Diving Behavior in Kingfishers

Oct 26, 2023 by News Staff

In new research, ornithologists from the Field Museum and elsewhere analyzed the whole genomes of 30 diverse kingfisher species to identify the genomic...

The epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) at Océanopolis, Brest, France. Image credit: Strobilomyces / CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed.

Sharks Have Very Low Mutation Rates, New Study Shows

Oct 24, 2023 by News Staff

Sharks occupy diverse ecological niches and play critical roles in marine ecosystems, often acting as apex predators. They are considered a slow-evolving...

The occasional use of stone tools as ‘strike-a-lights’ was a technocultural feature shared among Neanderthals in France.

36,500-Year-Old Human Genomes from Crimea Shed New Light on First Europeans

Oct 23, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

Populations genetically related to present-day Europeans first appeared in Europe at some point after 38,000-40,000 years ago, following a cold period...

Comparisons of Neanderthal genomes to anatomically modern human (AMH) genomes show a history of Neanderthal-to-AMH introgression stemming from interbreeding after the migration of AMHs from Africa to Eurasia. All non-sub-Saharan African AMHs have genomic regions genetically similar to Neanderthals that descend from this introgression. Regions of the genome with Neanderthal similarities have also been identified in sub-Saharan African populations, but their origins have been unclear. To better understand how these regions are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, the source of their origin, and what their distribution within the genome tells us about early AMH and Neanderthal evolution, Harris et al. analyzed a dataset of high-coverage, whole-genome sequences from 180 individuals from 12 diverse sub-Saharan African populations. Image credit: Holger Neumann / Neanderthal Museum.

Neanderthals Interbred with Now-Extinct Lineage of Early Modern Humans Over 250,000 Years Ago

Oct 20, 2023 by News Staff

Approximately 6% of the Altai Neanderthal genome was inherited from an ancient lineage of anatomically modern Homo sapiens that migrated from Africa to...

Zolotarov et al. propose that miRNAs are intimately linked to the evolution of complex brains in octopuses and other animals. Image credit: Albert Kok / CC BY-SA 3.0.

Scientists Sequence Chromosome-Level Genome of Common Octopus

Oct 19, 2023 by Natali Anderson

Cephalopods (squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus) are emerging animal models and include iconic species for studying the link between genomic innovations...

Common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Image credit: J.J. Harrison, https://www.jjharrison.com.au / CC BY-SA 2.5 Deed.

Researchers Sequence Genome of Common Brushtail Possum

Oct 17, 2023 by News Staff

Scientists at the University of Otago have produced a near-complete genome assembly for the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) — a species...

Analyzing high-density genotype data from 7,594 Latin Americans, Faux et al. characterized Neanderthal introgression in the SCN9A gene. Image credit: Holger Neumann / Neanderthal Museum.

Study: Neanderthals May Have Been More Sensitive to Mechanical Pain than Most Humans

Oct 12, 2023 by News Staff

People carrying three Neanderthal variants — known as M932L, V991L, and D1908G — in the gene SCN9A are more sensitive to pain from skin pricking...

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