Tag Archive for 'Oxygen'

This image shows the extremely red quasar SDSS J165202.64+172852.3. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / Webb / D. Wylezalek, A. Vayner & Q3D Team / N. Zakamska.

Webb Observes Extremely Red Quasar and Its Environment in Early Universe

Oct 20, 2022 by News Staff

The red quasar the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope observed, called SDSS J165202.64+172852.3 (SDSSJ1652 for short), resides in a very dense environment...

El Sidron Neanderthals taste wild mushrooms, pine nuts and forest moss. Image credit: Abel Grau, CSIC Communication.

Study Confirms High Level of Carnivory in Iberian Neanderthals

Oct 18, 2022 by Enrico de Lazaro

Paleoanthropologists have analyzed zinc, strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotope and trace element ratios in a fossilized Neanderthal tooth as well as animal...

Kapil et al. describe the phase behavior of monolayer-confined water by calculating its pressure-temperature phase diagram: (a-g) the pressure-temperature phase diagram of monolayer water was calculated using an machine learning potential that delivers first-principles accuracy; the solid and dashed lines indicate first-order and continuous phase transitions, respectively; the gray regions indicate the statistical uncertainty for solid-solid phase transitions and, for the other transitions, the uncertainties arising from studying a finite number of thermodynamic states; the diagonally hatched area indicates the region in which square and flat-rhombic phases are near degenerate; diagrams of the hexagonal (a), pentagonal (b), square (c), flat-rhombic (d), hexatic (e), superionic (f) and liquid (g) phases are shown with oxygen atoms in red, hydrogen atoms in gray and hydrogen bonds shown by blue lines. Image credit: Kapil et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05036-x.

Monolayer-Confined Water Acts Like Neither Liquid Nor Solid, Scientists Say

Sep 14, 2022 by News Staff

Water in a one-molecule layer acts like neither a liquid nor a solid, and becomes highly conductive at high pressures, according to a new paper published...

The concept of direct air electrolysis for hydrogen production: (a) a schematic diagram of the direct air electrolysis module with a water harvesting unit made of porous medium soaked with the hygroscopic ionic solution; (b) a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the direct air electrolysis module, showing the electrodes are isolated from the air feed, and the absorbed water are transported to the electrode by capillaries of the sponge. Image credit: Guo et al., doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32652-y.

Scientists Demonstrate Novel Method of Direct Hydrogen Production from Air

Sep 6, 2022 by News Staff

To overcome the water shortage problem in the case of widespread deployment of hydrogen production, a team of researchers from Australia, the United Kingdom...

Schematic model of fluvial systems both before and after the development of land plants: before the Devonian period, minimal land plants, rapid channel migration and river systems dominated by braided rivers led to rapid sediment transfer, minimal development of mud-sized particles and minor deposition of mudrocks along continental margins; in contrast, after the Devonian, the expansion of vascular land plants led to the development of meandering rivers and the dramatic slowing of sediment transfer to marine environments; the red dashed line represents a generalized sediment transport path that is more sinuous post-Devonian and less sinuous pre-Devonian; these diametric depositional systems influenced the isotopic composition of sediment available for reworking and melting in magmatic systems along destructive plate boundaries. Image credit: Spencer et al., doi: 10.1038/s41561-022-00995-2.

Emergence of Land Plants Altered Composition of Earth’s Continental Crust, Researchers Say

Aug 31, 2022 by News Staff

The evolution of land plants took place about 430 million years ago (Silurian period), when North America and Europe were conjoined in a landmass called...

(A) the Milky Way Galaxy with superimposed spiral arms and geological events: the arm and the Solar System rotate clockwise at different rates; the ‘+’ number denotes the number of times Earth has passed through that arm; (B) model of the Oort cloud showing cometary nuclei; (C) schematic reconstruction of early Earth impact process; (D) early crustal nuclei development. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / ESO / R. Hurt / Kirkland et al., doi: 10.1130/G50513.1.

Transits through Milky Way’s Spiral Arms Helped Form Early Earth’s Continental Crust, Study Says

Aug 24, 2022 by News Staff

New research led by Curtin University geologists suggests that regions of space with dense interstellar clouds may send more high-energy comets crashing...

Giant Meteorite Impacts Played Key Role in Creation of Earth’s Continents

Aug 10, 2022 by News Staff

Earth is the only planet known to have continents, although how they formed and evolved is unclear. An artist’s concept of meteors impacting the ancient...

University of Michigan’s Professor Daniel Fisher and the 13,000-year-old Buesching mastodon. Image credit: Eric Bronson / Michigan Photography.

Research Reveals Annual Migration Patterns of American Mastodon

Jun 14, 2022 by News Staff

Around 13,200 years ago, an 8-ton adult American mastodon (Mammut americanum) — nicknamed the Buesching mastodon — was killed when a rival...

Yao et al. propose a potentially available extraterrestrial photosynthesis pathway on the Moon, which will help us to achieve a zero-energy consumption extraterrestrial life support system. Image credit: Yao et al., doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.011.

Lunar Soil Contains Active Compounds that Can Convert Carbon Dioxide into Oxygen and Fuels

May 5, 2022 by News Staff

In light of significant efforts being taken toward manned deep space exploration, it is of high technological importance and scientific interest to develop...

Asgard archaeon. Scale bar - 500 nm. Image credit: Imachi et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1916-6.

Eukaryotic Cells Emerged in Anoxic Environment, New Study Suggests

Apr 27, 2022 by News Staff

Since the 1960s, many scientists have argued that the emergence of eukaryotes — cells containing a clearly defined nucleus — happened in response...

Artist’s concept of ocean on Jupiter’s moon Europa. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech.

Salt Water within Europa’s Icy Shell Could Be Transporting Oxygen into Its Subsurface Ocean

Mar 24, 2022 by News Staff

Some icy moons in the outer Solar System likely contain an ocean beneath their ice shells. Jupiter’s moon Europa is thought to have an ocean beneath...

This artist’s impression shows the merger of two white dwarfs. Image credit: Nicole Reindl, University of Potsdam.

Astronomers Discover New Type of Subdwarf Star

Feb 14, 2022 by News Staff

Astronomers using the Large Binocular Telescope have discovered two unusual hot subdwarf stars: PG 1654+322 and PG 1528+025. While normal stars have surfaces...

Zhu et al. suggest rapid supermountain erosion increased atmospheric oxygen and nutrient levels. Image credit: Keith Johnston

Supermountains May Have Played Crucial Role in Evolution of Life on Earth

Feb 3, 2022 by News Staff

According to new research from the Australian National University and the Queensland University of Technology, the supermountains formed twice in Earth’s...

Oxygen deficient zone intensity across the eastern Pacific Ocean, where copper colors represent the locations of consistently lowest oxygen concentrations and deep teal indicates regions without sufficiently low dissolved oxygen. Image credit: Jarek Kwiecinski & Andrew Babbin.

High-Resolution Atlas of Pacific Ocean’s Oxygen Deficient Zones Created

Dec 28, 2021 by News Staff

A duo of MIT researchers has created the most detailed atlas of the world’s largest oxygen deficient zones, biogeochemical regions of the global ocean...

Ordovician sea life. Image credit: Fritz Geller-Grimm / National Museum of Natural History / CC BY-SA 2.5.

New Research Explores Cause of End-Ordovician Mass Extinction

Nov 2, 2021 by News Staff

The end-Ordovician mass extinction, the first of the ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions occurred 445 million years ago and was characterized by the disappearance...

An artist’s impression of the hot-Jupiter exoplanet HAT-P-68b and its parent star HAT-P-68 (also known as GSC 1925-01046 and 2MASS 07535598+2356176), a K5-type dwarf star with a mass of 0.68 solar masses and a radius of 0.67 solar radii. Image credit: Sci-News.com.

Astronomers Measure Amount of Carbon and Oxygen in Hot Jupiter’s Atmosphere

Oct 29, 2021 by News Staff

Using the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS) at the Gemini South Observatory on Cerro Pachon, Chile, astronomers have measured carbon-to-hydrogen...

A concentration of 2.5 μM EGCG and ECG enhanced health- and lifespan as well as stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Catechins hampered mitochondrial respiration in Caenorhabditis elegans after 6-12 hrs and the activity of complex I in isolated rodent mitochondria. The impaired mitochondrial respiration was accompanied by a transient drop in ATP production and a temporary increase in ROS levels in Caenorhabditis elegans. After 24 hrs, mitochondrial respiration and ATP levels got restored, and ROS levels even dropped below control conditions. The lifespan increases induced by EGCG and ECG were dependent on AAK-2/AMPK and SIR-2.1/SIRT1, as well as on PMK-1/p38 MAPK, SKN-1/NRF2, and DAF-16/FOXO. Long-term effects included significantly diminished fat content and enhanced SOD and CAT activities, required for the positive impact of catechins on lifespan. Image credit: Tian et al., doi: 10.18632/aging.203597.

Study: Green Tea Catechins Extend Health- and Lifespan, Reduce Fat Content in Model Organism

Oct 27, 2021 by Enrico de Lazaro

Green tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Green tea catechins are associated with a delay in aging. In experiments performed in...

Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition where the airway closes off during sleep and so the lungs cannot oxygenate the blood adequately. Image credit: Habib M’henni.

Scientists Find Link between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Blood Triglyceride Levels

Oct 25, 2021 by News Staff

People with more severe obstructive sleep apnea and reductions in blood oxygen concentrations are more likely to have elevated concentrations of triglycerides...

This artistic conception illustrates large asteroids penetrating Earth’s oxygen-poor atmosphere. Image credit: SwRI / Dan Durda / Simone Marchi.

Archean Asteroid Impacts Delayed Evolution of Earth’s Atmosphere, Study Suggests

Oct 21, 2021 by News Staff

A team of researchers from the United States and Austria has analyzed remnants of ancient asteroids and modeled the effects of their violent collisions...

Transcardial injection of green algae or cyanobacteria in Xenopus laevis tadpoles distributed these photosynthetic microorganisms throughout the CNS causing a light exposure-timed increase of the oxygen concentration upon illumination of the brain; during a general, brain-wide extinction of neuronal activity by sub-atmospheric oxygen levels, green algae, and cyanobacteria were able to reversibly and repetitively reinitiate the spike activity upon illumination, thereby demonstrating the capacity of these microorganisms to rescue brain activity by photosynthetic oxygen. Image credit: Özugur et al., doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103158.

Study: Photosynthesizing Microorganisms Can Produce Oxygen in Brain Blood Vessels of Tadpoles

Oct 15, 2021 by News Staff

Biologists at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich have developed a method that allows tadpoles of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) to ‘breathe’...

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