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$TiO2 triggers biofilm formation by commensal bacteria: (A, B) the clustering effect of TiO2 on (A) E. coli and (B) E. faecalis in vitro was visualized by Nanolive imaging in the presence of 0, 0.5, 1, or 50 μg/ml TiO2 after 24 h incubation. False-coloring was applied to images based on refractive index, where black represents the refractive index of TiO2 and green represents bacteria. Image credit: Pinget et al, doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00057.$

Food Additive E171 May Impact Human Health

May 15, 2019 by News Staff

E171, a mixture of micro- and nano-sized particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2), is commonly used in high quantities in foods and some medicines as a whitening...

Replacing saturated fatty acids with 57 to 99 g/day of walnuts for 6 weeks reduced central diastolic blood pressure compared with a diet similarly low in saturated fatty acids but with lower alpha-linolenic acid content. Image credit: He Lee.

Walnuts May Help Improve Central Blood Pressure in People at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

May 14, 2019 by News Staff

Walnuts are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid and the linoleic acid, and contain a proportionally greater quantity...

Parkinson’s disease. Image credit: Blausen Gallery 2014 / Wikiversity Journal of Medicine, doi: 10.15347/wjm/2014.010.

Study: Parkinson’s Disease More Prevalent in Patients with Appendectomies

May 10, 2019 by News Staff

An appendectomy increases the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease,...

The mcr-9 gene’s protein structure graphic depicts the differing protein chains (solid color ribbons) and the protein surface (mesh) surrounding it. Image credit: Ahmed Gaballa / Cornell University.

New Antibiotic Resistance Gene Discovered: Mcr-9

May 9, 2019 by Enrico de Lazaro

An international team of scientists from Cornell University and the University of Zurich has discovered a new jumping gene that makes bacteria resistant...

Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci, unknown date (16th century), Giovan Ambrogio Figino, red chalk or sanguine drawing. Image credit: Museum of Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice, Italy / Ministero dei Beni e delle Attivita’ Culturali e del Turismo.

Leonardo da Vinci Suffered from Ulnar Neuropathy, Study Says

May 7, 2019 by News Staff

Leonardo da Vinci suffered a disease in his late career that affected his ability to hold palettes and brushes to paint with his right hand; although this...

The normal form of amyloid beta has been tagged with a yellow marker in these cells, making healthy cells a uniform pale yellow (left). Contact with prion forms of amyloid beta -- for example in extracts from human brain tissue -- forces these yellow proteins into the sticky prion form as well, leading to the formation of bright yellow clumps (right). Image credit: Prusiner Lab / UCSF Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Alzheimer’s Amyloid-Beta and Tau Proteins Act as Prions, New Research Finds

May 7, 2019 by News Staff

Prions are misfolded versions of a protein that can spread like an infection by forcing normal copies of that protein into the same self-propagating, misfolded...

Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke regardless of whether the smoker is still in the room. Image credit: Ralf Kunze.

Secondhand Smoke Linked to Hypertension in Never-Smokers

May 6, 2019 by News Staff

A new study by researchers from the Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea, showed that secondhand smoke exposure was significantly associated...

Chironex fleckeri. Image credit: Guido Gautsch / CC BY-SA 2.0.

Scientists Discover Potential Antidote to Box Jellyfish Venom

May 1, 2019 by News Staff

Scientists say they have discovered an antidote to the sting delivered by the box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri, which is considered to be one of the most...

Compounds from elderberries can directly inhibit the influenza virus’ entry and replication in human cells, and can help strengthen a person’s immune response to the virus. Image credit: Anemone123.

New Study Shows How Elderberries Fight Influenza Virus

May 1, 2019 by News Staff

The elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is a small, antioxidant-rich fruit common to Europe and North America that is still commonly consumed as a jam or wine....

Propionates are potent inhibitors of molds that are widely used as a food preservative.

Propionate Consumption Increases Levels of Obesity- and Diabetes-Associated Hormones

Apr 30, 2019 by News Staff

Propionates, salts of a short-chain fatty acid called propionic acid, are widely used in baked goods, animal feeds and artificial flavorings. Although...

$Overview of observed standardized regression coefficients (b values) for the associations between total body fat and fractional anisotropy (FA)- and mean diffusivity (MD)-based DTI tracts for men and women. Standardized regression coefficients reflect the standard deviation (SD) change in FA and MD, respectively, per standard deviation (6.5% in women and 5.5% in men) change in total body fat. Results were adjusted for age, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, assessment center (baseline visit and imaging visit), smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and intracranial volume. Image credit: Dekkers et al, doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019181012.$

Excessive Body Fat Linked to Smaller Gray Matter Volume, New Study Says

Apr 25, 2019 by News Staff

A team of researchers in the Netherlands has found that higher levels of body fat are associated with differences in the form and structure of the brain,...

Shively et al aimed to determine the effects of humanlike Western and Mediterranean diets on caloric intake, obesity, metabolism, and hepatosteatosis in an established nonhuman primate model of obesity. Image credit: Moira Nazzari.

Mediterranean Diet May Protect against Overeating and NAFLD

Apr 24, 2019 by News Staff

In a study on crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis), a team of researchers at Wake Forest University found that the primates on a humanlike Mediterranean...

Large (left), medium (center), and small (right) fabellae (a small bone to the right of each image) in the right knees of three female subjects. Image credit: Berthaume et al, doi: 10.1111/joa.12994.

Fabella: Humans Were Losing Osteoarthritis-Linked Knee Bone, Now It’s Making Comeback

Apr 23, 2019 by News Staff

The fabella (Latin for ‘little bean’), a small bone in a tendon behind the knee, was once rare in humans. Now, a team of researchers from the Department...

Site of application of vibrotactile device to the cymba concha of the ear. Left: major anatomical landmarks of the external ear (pinna) with approximate outline of the cymba concha; the cymba concha is a highly-conserved anatomical feature of the external ear that was identified by the device operator. Right: representative device placement of the vibrotactile device in contact with the cymba concha. Image credit: Addorisio et al, doi: 10.1186/s42234-019-0020-4.

Vibrotactile Device Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms in Pilot Study

Apr 22, 2019 by News Staff

Application of a vibrotactile device to the cymba concha of the external ear improves disease symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, according...

A 3D-printed, small-scaled human heart engineered from the patient’s own materials and cells. Image credit: Noor et al, doi: 10.1002/advs.201900344.

Researchers Create 3D-Printed Heart Using Patient’s Own Cells

Apr 17, 2019 by News Staff

A team of scientists at Tel Aviv University, Israel, has 3D-printed the first vascularized engineered heart using a human patient’s own cells and biological...

Now retired twin astronauts, Scott (right) and Mark (left) Kelly, are subjects of NASA’s Twins Study. Image credit: Derek Storm, www.derekstorm.com.

NASA’s Twins Study Provides Biomolecular View into How Human Body Responds to Spaceflight

Apr 12, 2019 by News Staff

NASA’s Twins Study brought ten teams of researchers from around the country together to observe what physiological, molecular and cognitive changes could...

A volunteer demonstrates Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training. Image credit: University of Colorado Boulder.

Ultra-Time-Efficient Exercise Lowers Blood Pressure, Boosts Brain Function

Apr 10, 2019 by News Staff

A five-minute workout called Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training (IMST) lowers blood pressure in middle-aged to older adults; it also improves artery...

Simplified pathway of vitamin D metabolism with a suggested approach to manage hypervitaminosis D. Key steps include the following: limit sun exposure; stop oral vitamin D supplements; use medications such as corticosteroids, ketoconazole and hydroxychloroquine to block 1α-hydroxylase activity; stop oral calcium supplements to reduce burden of hypercalcemia from hypervitaminosis D. Key enzymes involved in metabolism pathway are shown in green. Image credit: Auguste et al, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180465 / Creativology / BSG Studio.

Taking Too Much Vitamin D Can Lead to Kidney Failure

Apr 9, 2019 by News Staff

Vitamin D — which exists in two forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) — helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in...

tBHQ, at a dose relevant to human diet, impairs the primary and memory immune responses to influenza infection. Image credit: C. S. Goldsmith & A. Balish / CDC.

Widely-Used Food Additive E319 Impairs Immune Responses to Influenza Infection

Apr 8, 2019 by News Staff

A common food additive called tert-butylhydroquinone (E319) suppresses the immune response the body mounts when fighting the flu; it also reduces the effectiveness...

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