Astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have observed a disk bending wave in BRI 1335-0417, the oldest known spiral galaxy at over 12 billion years old. This unprecedented observation reveals the galaxy’s dynamic growth patterns, showcasing a vertically oscillating disk movement similar to ripples on a pond. The study marks the first time such phenomena have been detected in an early galaxy. This simulation illustrates...
