Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have captured a beautiful new image of the intermediate spiral galaxy NGC 941.
This Hubble image shows NGC 941, an intermediate spiral galaxy some 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Cetus. The color image is made up of observations from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) in the near-infrared and optical parts of the spectrum. Two filters were used to sample various wavelengths. The color results from assigning different hues to each monochromatic image associated with an individual filter. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / C. Kilpatrick.
NGC 941 is located about 55 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cetus.
Otherwise known as IRAS 02259-0122, LEDA 9414 or UGC 1954, the galaxy is approximately 55,000 light-years across.
NGC 941 was discovered by the German-British astronomer William Herschel on January 6, 1785.
“The beautiful NGC 941 is undoubtedly the main attraction in this image,” the Hubble astronomers said.
“However, this hazy-looking galaxy was not the motivation for the data being collected.”
“That distinction belongs to an astronomical event that took place in the galaxy years before: the supernova SN 2005ad.”
“The location of this faded supernova was observed as part of a study of multiple hydrogen-rich supernovae, also known as type II supernovae, in order to better understand the environments in which certain types of supernovae take place.”
Whilst the study was conducted by professional astronomers, SN 2005ad itself owes its discovery to a distinguished amateur astronomer named Kōichi Itagaki, who has discovered over 170 supernovae.
“This might raise the question of how an amateur astronomer could spot something like a supernova event before professional astronomers — who have access to telescopes such as Hubble,” the astronomers said.
“The answer is in part that the detection of supernovae is a mixture of skill, facilities and luck.”
“Most astronomical events happen over time spans that dwarf human lifetimes, but supernova explosions are extraordinarily fast, appearing very suddenly and then brightening and dimming over a period of days or weeks.”
“Another aspect is that professional astronomers often do not spend that much time actually observing.”
“There is a great deal of competition for time on telescopes such as Hubble, and then data from a few hours of observations might take weeks, months, or sometimes even years to process and analyze to their full potential.”
“Amateur astronomers can spend much more time actually observing the skies, and sometimes have extremely impressive systems of telescopes, computers and software that they can put to use.”
“So many supernovae are spotted by skilful amateurs such as Itagaki that there is actually an online system set up for reporting them (Transient Name Server),” the researchers said.
“This is a big help to professional astronomers, because with supernova events time is truly of the essence.”
“After the discovery of SN 2005ab was reported, professional astronomers were able to follow up with spectroscopic studies and confirm it as a type II supernova, which eventually led to its location being included in this study with Hubble.”
“Such a study wouldn’t be possible without a rich library of previous supernovae, built with the keen eyes of amateur astronomers.”
