Medicine News

Ketogenic Diet Protects against Influenza A Virus Infection, Animal Study Finds

This image illustrates the beginning stages of an influenza infection and shows what happens after the influenza viruses enter the human body. Image credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Nov 19, 2019 by News Staff

A new study led by Professor Akiko Iwasaki of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Professor Vishwa Deep Dixit from Yale School of Medicine shows that the consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat ketogenic diet — which for people includes meat, fish, poultry, and non-starchy vegetables — protects mice from influenza A virus infection. This image illustrates the beginning stages of an influenza infection and shows what happens after...

read more...
This digitally-colorized scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicts a number of mustard-colored, spheroid-shaped Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that were in the process of escaping their destruction by blue-colored human white blood cells. Magnification - 20,000x. Image credit: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Experimental Vaccine Protects Mice from Staphylococcus aureus

Nov 12, 2019 by News Staff

The new biofilm-specific vaccine, developed by researchers from the University of Maryland-Baltimore, Northern Arizona University and the University of...

McMaster undergraduate student Ronald Perinpanayagam works with one of the seniors who participated in the study. Image credit: Paulina Rzeczkowska.

High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Enhances Memory in Older Adults

Nov 6, 2019 by News Staff

High-intensity interval training results in the greatest memory performance in inactive older adults compared to moderate training or stretching, according...

Avocatin B is a lipid derived from avocado. Image credit: Robert Owen-Wahl.

Avocado Compound May Help Fight Obesity and Diabetes

Oct 30, 2019 by News Staff

Avocatin B, a fat molecule found only in avocados (Persea americana), can inhibit cellular processes that normally lead to diabetes, according to a study...

Elliot et al show that fatty tissue is present within the airway wall and is related to BMI, wall thickness and the number of inflammatory cells. The accumulation of airway fatty tissue in overweight individuals may therefore contribute to airway pathophysiology. Image credit: Kalhh.

Fatty Tissue Accumulates in Airways of Overweight and Obese People, New Study Finds

Oct 21, 2019 by News Staff

According to a new study published in the European Respiratory Journal, fatty tissue accumulates within the airway walls of people who are overweight or...

Açaí palms (Euterpe oleracea) in Summit Park, Panama. Image credit: Dick Culbert / CC BY 2.0.

Scientists Find Antimalarial Compounds in Amazonian Acai Berries

Oct 17, 2019 by News Staff

An international team of researchers from Brazil, the United States and Sweden has found that polyphenols found in berries of the açaí palm (Euterpe...

Nguyen et al examined the effect of an acute but moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on glucose metabolism, lipid levels and dietary preference in adolescent and/or adult rat offspring. Image credit: Bridgesward.

Even Small Amounts of Alcohol during Pregnancy Can Cause Insulin Resistance in Male Offspring

Oct 15, 2019 by News Staff

‘Special occasion drinking’ during pregnancy could cause insulin resistance, which increases the likelihood of diabetes, in male offspring, suggests...

Human breast milk. Image credit: Amada44 / CC BY-SA 3.0.

Study: Human Milk Contains Powerful Antimicrobial Compound

Oct 10, 2019 by News Staff

Human breast milk contains many known antimicrobial and immunomodulatory molecules, including immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, and fatty acids....

Hsueh et al studied cartilage from the hip, knee and ankle and discovered a pattern of regeneration when looking at proteins within the cartilage. Image credit: Alisa Weigandt, Duke Health.

Humans Have Ability to Regrow Damaged Cartilage, Study Reveals

Oct 10, 2019 by News Staff

According to a new study published in the journal Science Advances, cartilage in our joints can repair itself through a process similar to that used by...

Dietary fructose, but not glucose, supplementation of high-fat diet (HFD) impairs mitochondrial size, function, and protein acetylation, resulting in decreased fatty acid oxidation and development of metabolic dysregulation. Image credit: Softic et al, doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.003.

High-Fat Plus Fructose Diet Alters Size and Function of Liver Mitochondria, New Study Says

Oct 2, 2019 by News Staff

A research team led by Harvard Medical School scientists has found that high levels of fructose — but not glucose — in the high-fat diet inhibit...

Model of dynamic interactions between the skin immune system (SIS) and its microbial/chemical milieu in human facial skin: (A) infancy -- before the development of stabilized microbial communities, an early tolerogenic interaction between the maturing SIS and the microbiota is prevalent; (B) after this initial period, a homeostatic crosstalk evolves between the developed SIS and a childhood-type stable microbiota; (C) adolescence -- enhanced sebum secretion and shift in the microbiota composition (and probably other uncovered events, e.g., barrier breach) might contribute to a dynamic change in the communication between the SIS and the microbiota in the skin, leading to inflammatory interactions; cytokines associated with a homeostatic dialog may become highly increased in acne lesions (relative to non-lesions), promoting inflammation together with newly secreted proinflammatory mediators produced by keratinocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and subsequently, infiltrating inflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17(23) (for IL-23) cells, neutrophils, and macrophages; these mediators initiate follicular hyperkeratinization, closure of the follicular infundibulum, comedone formation, and the development of acne papules, pustules, and nodules; the extent and time course of inflammation can vary across a wide spectrum among teenagers; (D) following the resolution of acne, in adult SGR skin, under steady-state, SIS and region-specific microbes carry on a homeostatic dialog with the microbiota again, mediated by the controlled production of innate immune-cell-derived factors, including complement components, AMPs, IL-1, TSLP, and IL-7; hair follicles may play a pivotal role in this crosstalk, supporting the residency and recruitment of LCs, Tregs, ILCs, as well as nonpathogenic Th17(β) cells to maintain homeostasis; upward arrows depict increases (expression, concentrations, and ratios). Propionibacterium acnes (Propionibacteriaceae) = Cutibacterium acnes. Other relevant bacterial genera are noted in the schematic. Abbreviations: AMP - antimicrobial peptide, IL – interleukin, ILC - innate lymphoid cell, LC - Langerhans cell, mDC - myeloid dendritic cell, RORγt - RAR-related orphan receptor γt, SGR - sebaceous gland rich, SIS - skin immune system, TGF - transforming growth factor, Th - T helper, Treg - regulatory T cell, TSLP - thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Image credit: Szegedi et al, doi: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.006.

Adolescent Acne Vulgaris is Naturally Developing, Transient Inflammatory State, Researchers Say

Oct 1, 2019 by News Staff

Acne vulgaris, which occurs in 44-95% of teenagers of varying ethnicities, represents a natural, transient inflammatory interaction of adolescent facial...

Increasing daily consumption of nuts is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Image credit: Piviso.

Increasing Daily Nut Consumption May Help Stave Off Gradual Weight Gain, Reduce Obesity Risk

Sep 26, 2019 by News Staff

Increasing nut consumption by just half a serving (14 g) a day may help mitigate the gradual weight gain common during adulthood, and beneficially contribute...

Epigallocatechin gallate is a compound found in green tea leaves. Image credit: Ranjith Siji.

Green Tea Compound Could Help Fight Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Sep 24, 2019 by News Staff

Dr. Jonathan Betts from the University of Surrey and colleagues have found that the green-tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can restore the...

Using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated immunoglobulin staining technique, and under direct immunofluorescence (DIF), this tissue sample extracted from a vesicle and ulcer, reveals the presence of herpes simplex antigen in a patient determined to have HSV-2 infection. Image credit: Craig Lyerla / CDC.

Experimental Genital Herpes Vaccine Works in Animals

Sep 23, 2019 by News Staff

A team of scientists at the University of Pennsylvania has developed a new vaccine candidate to protect against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), the...

Berger et al found in mice that almost immediately after the brain recognizes danger, it instructs the skeleton to flood the bloodstream with the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin, which is needed to turn on the fight or flight response. Image credit: Berger et al, doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.012.

Bony Vertebrates Release Bone-Derived Hormone Osteocalcin in Response to Stress, Study Finds

Sep 17, 2019 by News Staff

A new study, published in the journal Cell Metabolism, shows that humans and other bony vertebrates need a hormone called osteocalcin to develop an acute...

Li et al provide the first evidence of the positive contribution of tea drinking to brain structure. Image credit: Larisa Myshun.

Drinking Tea Improves Brain Efficiency, New Study Shows

Sep 16, 2019 by News Staff

Habitual tea drinking has positive effects on brain organization and gives rise to greater efficiency in functional and structural connectivity, according...

Coffee consumption is associated with low risk of symptomatic gallstone disease. Image credit: Nordestgaard et al, doi: 10.1111/joim.12970.

Higher Coffee Consumption May Protect against Gallstone Disease

Sep 10, 2019 by News Staff

Higher coffee intake may help reduce the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease, according to a University of Copenhagen-led study. Coffee consumption is...

Kim et al developed robotic thread that can be steered magnetically and is small enough to work through narrow spaces such as the vasculature of the human brain; the researchers envision the technology may be used in the future to clear blockages in patients with stroke and aneurysms. Image credit: MIT.

Thread-Like Robot Could Deliver Clot-Reducing Therapies

Sep 2, 2019 by News Staff

A team of researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed a thread-like ferromagnetic robot that can glide through complex...

A single bout of exercise may provide a boost to the mind. Image credit: Mabel Amber.

Single Session of Aerobic Exercise Boosts Cognition and Memory Performance in Older Adults: Study

Sep 2, 2019 by News Staff

A team of researchers at the University of Iowa has found that a single bout of aerobic exercise improves cognitive functions and working memory in older...

Higher optimism is associated with longer life span and a greater likelihood of achieving exceptional longevity. Image credit: Daniel Nebreda.

Study: Optimism is Important Psychosocial Resource for Extending Life Span in Older Adults

Aug 28, 2019 by News Staff

People with higher optimism are more likely to live longer and to achieve ‘exceptional longevity,’ that is, living to the age of 85 or beyond, according...

© 2011-2025. Sci.News. All Rights Reserved. | Back to top