Medicine News

Excessive Body Fat Linked to Smaller Gray Matter Volume, New Study Says

Overview of observed standardized regression coefficients (b values) for the associations between total body fat and fractional anisotropy (FA)- and mean diffusivity (MD)-based DTI tracts for men and women. Standardized regression coefficients reflect the standard deviation (SD) change in FA and MD, respectively, per standard deviation (6.5% in women and 5.5% in men) change in total body fat. Results were adjusted for age, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, assessment center (baseline visit and imaging visit), smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and intracranial volume. Image credit: Dekkers et al, doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019181012.
Apr 25, 2019 by News Staff

A team of researchers in the Netherlands has found that higher levels of body fat are associated with differences in the form and structure of the brain, including smaller volumes of gray matter. Overview of observed standardized regression coefficients (b values) for the associations between total body fat and fractional anisotropy (FA)- and mean diffusivity (MD)-based DTI tracts for men and women. Standardized regression coefficients reflect the...

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Shively et al aimed to determine the effects of humanlike Western and Mediterranean diets on caloric intake, obesity, metabolism, and hepatosteatosis in an established nonhuman primate model of obesity. Image credit: Moira Nazzari.

Mediterranean Diet May Protect against Overeating and NAFLD

Apr 24, 2019 by News Staff

In a study on crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis), a team of researchers at Wake Forest University found that the primates on a humanlike Mediterranean...

Large (left), medium (center), and small (right) fabellae (a small bone to the right of each image) in the right knees of three female subjects. Image credit: Berthaume et al, doi: 10.1111/joa.12994.

Fabella: Humans Were Losing Osteoarthritis-Linked Knee Bone, Now It’s Making Comeback

Apr 23, 2019 by News Staff

The fabella (Latin for ‘little bean’), a small bone in a tendon behind the knee, was once rare in humans. Now, a team of researchers from the Department...

Site of application of vibrotactile device to the cymba concha of the ear. Left: major anatomical landmarks of the external ear (pinna) with approximate outline of the cymba concha; the cymba concha is a highly-conserved anatomical feature of the external ear that was identified by the device operator. Right: representative device placement of the vibrotactile device in contact with the cymba concha. Image credit: Addorisio et al, doi: 10.1186/s42234-019-0020-4.

Vibrotactile Device Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms in Pilot Study

Apr 22, 2019 by News Staff

Application of a vibrotactile device to the cymba concha of the external ear improves disease symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, according...

A 3D-printed, small-scaled human heart engineered from the patient’s own materials and cells. Image credit: Noor et al, doi: 10.1002/advs.201900344.

Researchers Create 3D-Printed Heart Using Patient’s Own Cells

Apr 17, 2019 by News Staff

A team of scientists at Tel Aviv University, Israel, has 3D-printed the first vascularized engineered heart using a human patient’s own cells and biological...

Now retired twin astronauts, Scott (right) and Mark (left) Kelly, are subjects of NASA’s Twins Study. Image credit: Derek Storm, www.derekstorm.com.

NASA’s Twins Study Provides Biomolecular View into How Human Body Responds to Spaceflight

Apr 12, 2019 by News Staff

NASA’s Twins Study brought ten teams of researchers from around the country together to observe what physiological, molecular and cognitive changes could...

A volunteer demonstrates Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training. Image credit: University of Colorado Boulder.

Ultra-Time-Efficient Exercise Lowers Blood Pressure, Boosts Brain Function

Apr 10, 2019 by News Staff

A five-minute workout called Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training (IMST) lowers blood pressure in middle-aged to older adults; it also improves artery...

Simplified pathway of vitamin D metabolism with a suggested approach to manage hypervitaminosis D. Key steps include the following: limit sun exposure; stop oral vitamin D supplements; use medications such as corticosteroids, ketoconazole and hydroxychloroquine to block 1α-hydroxylase activity; stop oral calcium supplements to reduce burden of hypercalcemia from hypervitaminosis D. Key enzymes involved in metabolism pathway are shown in green. Image credit: Auguste et al, doi: 10.1503/cmaj.180465 / Creativology / BSG Studio.

Taking Too Much Vitamin D Can Lead to Kidney Failure

Apr 9, 2019 by News Staff

Vitamin D — which exists in two forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) — helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in...

tBHQ, at a dose relevant to human diet, impairs the primary and memory immune responses to influenza infection. Image credit: C. S. Goldsmith & A. Balish / CDC.

Widely-Used Food Additive E319 Impairs Immune Responses to Influenza Infection

Apr 8, 2019 by News Staff

A common food additive called tert-butylhydroquinone (E319) suppresses the immune response the body mounts when fighting the flu; it also reduces the effectiveness...

Dunlop et al sought to identify evidence-based thresholds to maintain disability-free status over 4 years among adults with lower extremity joint symptoms. Image credit: Coombesy.

Study: One Hour a Week of Brisk Walking Could Prevent Disability in Older Adults with Arthritis Pain

Apr 4, 2019 by News Staff

According to a study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, just one hour a week of brisk walking staves off disability in older adults...

Ordinary-looking pajamas are transformed into ‘smart’ ones with five strategically placed sensors that measure heartbeat, respiration and posture. Image credit: Trisha L. Andrew.

Phyjama: Smart Pajama with Self-Powered Sensors Could Help Improve Sleep Patterns

Apr 3, 2019 by News Staff

A team of researchers led by University of Massachusettes Amherst’s Dr. Trisha Andrew has developed ‘smart’ pajamas embedded with self-powered sensors...

Epileptic patients release a particular smell during a seizure and dogs can be trained to detect it. Image credit: Skeeze.

Epileptic Seizure Odor Does Exist and Dogs Can Be Trained to Detect It

Apr 2, 2019 by News Staff

Dogs are able to detect an odor collected from patients during an epileptic seizure, according to a study by researchers from Medical Mutts, a service...

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was positively associated with mortality primarily through cardiovascular disease mortality and showed a graded association with dose. Image credit: Raw Pixel.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages May Be Associated with Increased Risk of Mortality

Mar 27, 2019 by News Staff

Frequently drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks, fruit drinks, energy drinks, and sports drinks) was associated...

Weekend recovery sleep doesn’t prevent weight gain or reduce insulin sensitivity. Image credit: Wok & Apix.

Study: Weekend Snoozes Don’t Fully Make Up for Weekday Sleep Loss

Mar 25, 2019 by Sam Sander Effron

Sleeping in a few extra hours on the weekends might not be enough to combat the self-incurred damage from weekday sleep deprivation. According to a study...

Drinking hot tea increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Image credit: Fxxu.

Drinking Very Hot Tea Increases Risk of Esophageal Cancer, Study Shows

Mar 21, 2019 by News Staff

Drinking hot tea elevates the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, one of the two major types of esophageal cancer, by about 90%, according to a...

The stress of spaceflight gives viruses a holiday from immune surveillance, putting future deep-space missions in jeopardy. Image credit: NASA.

Dormant Herpes Viruses Reactivate in Astronauts During Spaceflight, New Study Shows

Mar 19, 2019 by News Staff

Latent herpes viruses such as herpes-simplex-1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivate in...

Green tea polyphenols have the potential to improve skeletal muscle metabolism in obese mice by improving glucose homeostasis, reducing lipid peroxidation, and increasing rate limiting enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation. Image credit: Andi Ketaren.

Green Tea Consumption Improves Metabolism, Overall Health in Obese Mice: Study

Mar 19, 2019 by News Staff

In a study published in the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, mice fed a diet of 2% green tea extract fared far better than those that ate a diet without...

Auditory stimulation combined with light-induced gamma oscillations in the hippocampus and auditory cortex regions of the brain reduces amyloid levels and improves memory in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. Image credit: Martorell et al, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.014.

Brain Wave Stimulation Reduces Alzheimer’s Plaques in Mice

Mar 18, 2019 by News Staff

Alzheimer’s disease, which affects more than 5 million people in the United States, is characterized by beta-amyloid plaques that are suspected to be...

Dabas et al explored the anti-inflammatory potential of colored avocado seed extract. Image credit: Tookapic.

Avocado Seed Extract Shows Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Mar 14, 2019 by News Staff

Anti-inflammatory medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids are commonly used to treat various diseases. According...

Pain in osteoarthritis poses a substantial social and economic burden with fewer than 25% of patients having adequate pain control. NGF has emerged as a key driver of pain behavior in murine studies and antibodies to NGF are potent analgesics in human osteoarthritis. Using a novel virus-like particle, von Loga et al created a therapeutic vaccine that reversibly induced antibodies against NGF and abrogated pain behavior in murine osteoarthritis. Image credit: OpenStax / CC BY 4.0.

Novel Vaccine Blocks Osteoarthritis Pain in Mice

Mar 12, 2019 by News Staff

An international team of scientists from the UK, Switzerland and Latvia has developed a virus-like particle vaccine that could be used to treat chronic...

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