The Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition approximately 50,000 to 38,000 years ago is marked by the decline and extinction of Neanderthals, the emergence and expansion of anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Paleoanthropologists at the University of Cologne have developed a high-resolution model of population dynamics and applied it to reconstructing this transition in Iberia. Through ensemble simulation, they examined Neanderthal persistence, modern...
