Paranthropus robustus is a small-brained extinct hominin that lived between 2 million and 1.2 million years ago in what is now South Africa. Discovered in 1938, it was among the first early hominins described and the first discovered robust australopithecine. Paranthropus robustus males were thought to be substantially larger than females — much like the size differences seen in modern-day primates. But the well-preserved adult male skull of...
