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TRPA-1/TRPA1 activation via a-dicarbonyls (a-DCs) is relayed through UNC-43 (CaMKII), PMK-1, and SEK-1 (MAPK) to SKN-1/Nrf, resulting in the expression of various downstream glyoxalases to achieve organism-wide a-DC detoxification. Image credit: Jyotiska Chaudhuri et al, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.024.

New Research Provides Path to Study Diabetic Complications

Nov 8, 2016 by News Staff

An international team of scientists from the United States and China has found a sensor for the reactive molecules linked to diabetic complications. The...

Schematic of gradual induction of severe hypoxemia. Image credit: Yuji Nakada et al, doi: 10.1038/nature20173.

Study: Extremely Low-Oxygen Environment Leads to Heart Regeneration in Adult Mice

Nov 4, 2016 by News Staff

An international team of scientists from Japan, UK and the United States has been able to regenerate heart muscle by placing adult mice in a low-oxygen...

Structure of the human mitochondrial genome. Image credit: Shanel / CC BY-SA 3.0.

New Study Confirms Genetic Link between Autism Spectrum Disorder and mtDNA

Nov 3, 2016 by News Staff

A new study published in the journal PLoS Genetics has confirmed a genetic link between mitochondrial DNA, which is passed on from the mother, and some...

In the study, whole-brain degree count maps, collected before the start of treatment, were used to identify potential brain regional markers for placebo propensity. Group differences in whole-brain maps for degree count (number of connections of any location to the rest of the brain) between placebo responders and non-responders identified four brain regions that differentiated placebo responders from non-responders. The highest significant difference was seen for the right midfrontal gyrus. Abbreviations: r-MFG - right midfrontal gyrus; ACC - anterior cingulate cortex; PCC - posterior cingulate cortex; r-S2/M1 - right secondary somatosensory and primary motor cortex. Image credit: Tétreault P. et al.

New Study Spotlights Brain Region Responsible for Placebo Response in Pain

Oct 31, 2016 by News Staff

A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has identified a region in the brain responsible for the ‘placebo effect’ in pain relief, when a...

H1N1 influenza virus. Image credit: CDC Influenza Laboratory.

Ethnicity Influences Response to Influenza Vaccine

Oct 27, 2016 by Bhuminder Singh

Dr. Raj Kurupati and colleagues from the Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania, and Duke University Medical Center showed that an individual’s...

Mark et al demonstrate that vitamin D promotes protein homeostasis and slows aging in the nematode C. elegans. Image credit: Karla A. Mark et al.

Vitamin D Enhances Lifespan and Protein Homeostasis, New Study Shows

Oct 26, 2016 by News Staff

A new animal study published in the journal Cell Reports shows vitamin D engages longevity genes to increase lifespan and prevent the accumulation of toxic...

According to a new study, the mouths of migraine sufferers harbor more nitrate-reducing microbes than people who do not get migraine headaches. Image credit: Sasha Wolff / CC BY 2.0.

Scientists Find Link between Migraines and Nitrate-Reducing Oral Bacteria

Oct 21, 2016 by News Staff

A team of scientists from the University of Chicago and the University of California, San Diego, has found that migraine sufferers harbor significantly...

Study Casts New Light on Evolution, Spread of Zika Virus

Oct 17, 2016 by News Staff

A team of scientists led by Dr. Massimo Ciccozzi from the University Campus Bio-Medico in Rome, Italy, has modeled the evolutionary development and diversity...

This image shows technology and methodology involved in MRI-guided transplantation of neural stem cells into the Parkinsonian brain. Image credit: Scott C. Vermilyea et al, doi: 10.3727/096368916X692979.

RT-IMRI: Improving Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

Oct 14, 2016 by News Staff

In a study using RT-IMRI (real-time intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging) to guide the transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons...

This false-color image shows cardiosphere-derived cells. Image credit: A.J. White et al, doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr172.

Study to Use Cardiosphere-Derived Cells to Restore Heart Tissue, Function

Oct 12, 2016 by News Staff

A Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute-led research team is planning a clinical trial using cardiosphere-derived cells to regenerate the tissue and improve function...

Altered microRNAs in anxiety and metabolic disorders. Image credit: Chanan Meydan et al, doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.07.001.

Scientists Find Molecular Link between Anxiety and Metabolic Disorders

Oct 12, 2016 by News Staff

Scientists in Israel have identified molecular elements that bridge anxiety and metabolism — a type of microRNA that influences shared biological...

This pseudo-colored negative-stained transmission electron micrograph depicts the ultrastructural details of an influenza virus particle, or ‘virion.’ Image credit: Cynthia Goldsmith / CDC.

Scientists Identify Rare Influenza-Thwarting Mutation

Oct 5, 2016 by News Staff

According to a team of scientists at the University of Rochester, a rare mutation in a flu-encoded protein, called Non-Structural protein 1 (NS1), renders...

Model of ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) activation by influenza A virus-specific antibody specificity. Image credit: Wenqian He et al.

Researchers Take One Step Closer in Developing Universal Vaccine against Flu Viruses

Oct 4, 2016 by News Staff

A research team led by McMaster University scientist Matthew Miller has taken one step closer to developing an effective, ‘one-punch’ flu vaccine. Model...

Mugwanya et al studied women and infants in Kenya and Uganda. Image credit: UW Center for Global Health of Women, Adolescents and Children / Paul Brown, Global WACh.

Antiretroviral Drugs Pose Low Risk to Breastfeeding Mothers, Infants

Sep 30, 2016 by News Staff

A new study published in the journal PLoS Medicine has found that breastfeeding mothers taking the antiretroviral drugs tenofovir and emtricitabine have...

Cinnamon. Image credit: Bertrand Thiry / CC BY-SA 3.0.

Cinnamon Cools Your Stomach, New Study Says

Sep 26, 2016 by News Staff

According to a new study published in the journal Scientific Reports, adding cinnamon to your diet can cool your stomach by up to two degrees. Cinnamon....

Researchers Sequence Genome of Zika Virus Reference Strain

Sep 7, 2016 by Enrico de Lazaro

Researchers from Germany, French Polynesia and the United Kingdom have successfully sequenced and analyzed the genome of a World Health Organization reference...

Scanning electron micrograph of filamentous Ebola virus particles (blue) budding from a chronically infected cell (yellow-green). Image credit: NIAID.

Promising New Antiviral Compounds Could Treat Ebola Virus Infection

Aug 27, 2016 by News Staff

A new kind of chemical compound can block the protein Ebola virus uses to break out of cells and infect new cells, according to a new study by researchers...

Marco Onorati et al. describe the derivation and characterization, including single-cell RNA-seq, of neocortical and spinal cord neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells to model early human neurodevelopment and Zika virus (ZIKV)-related neuropathogenesis. By analyzing human NES cells, organotypic fetal brain slices, and a ZIKV-infected micrencephalic brain, the team shows that ZIKV infects both neocortical and spinal NES cells as well as their fetal homolog, radial glial cells (RGCs), causing disrupted mitoses, supernumerary centrosomes, structural disorganization, and cell death. ZIKV infection of NES cells and RGCs causes centrosomal depletion and mitochondrial sequestration of phospho-TBK1 during mitosis. The scientists also found that nucleoside analogs inhibit ZIKV replication in NES cells, protecting them from ZIKV-induced pTBK1 relocalization and cell death. They established a model system of human neural stem cells to reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental defects associated with ZIKV infection and its potential treatment. Image credit: Marco Onorati et al.

Researchers Discover How Zika Virus Causes Fetal Brain Damage

Aug 25, 2016 by News Staff

According to a team of researchers led by Yale University, infection by the Zika virus diverts a key protein necessary for neural cell division in the...

Honey is considered an added sugar. Image credit: Estel Heitz.

American Heart Association: Children Should Consume Less Than 25 Grams of Added Sugars Daily

Aug 23, 2016 by News Staff

Children ages 2 to 18 should eat or drink less than six teaspoons of added sugars daily (equivalent to about 100 calories or 25 grams), according to new...