An international group of astronomers using the MPG/ESO 2.2-m telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory, Chile, has captured a new image of two galaxies: NGC 1316, and its smaller neighbor NGC 1317.
This image shows a pair of galaxies: NGC 1316, and its smaller companion NGC 1317, right. Image credit: ESO.
The very detailed image was created by combining many individual images in the ESO archive. The aim of the original observations was to reveal the faintest features and study the disruption of this interesting galaxy pair.
NGC 1316, also known as Fornax A, is a lenticular galaxy located in the southern constellation of Fornax, about 60 million light-years away.
NGC 1317 is a small spiral galaxy located in the same constellation, about 82 million light-years from Earth.
These galaxies are quite close to each other in space, but they have very different histories. NGC 1317 has led an uneventful life, but NGC 1316 has engulfed several other galaxies in its violent history and shows the battle scars.
Several clues in the structure of NGC 1316 reveal that its past was turbulent. For instance, it has some unusual dust lanes embedded within a much larger envelope of stars, and a population of unusually small globular star clusters. These suggest that it may have already swallowed a dust-rich spiral galaxy about three billion years ago.
Also seen around the galaxy are very faint tidal tails – wisps and shells of stars that have been torn from their original locations and flung into intergalactic space. These features are produced by complex gravitational effects on the orbits of stars when another galaxy comes too close.
All of these signs point to a violent past during which NGC 1316 annexed other galaxies and suggest that the disruptive behavior is continuing.
The name Fornax A reflects the fact that the galaxy is the brightest source of radio emission in the constellation – and in fact the fourth brightest radio source in the entire sky.
This radio emission is driven by material falling into the supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy and has probably been provided with extra fuel by the interactions with other galaxies.
As a bonus the new picture also provides a window into the distant Universe far beyond the two bright galaxies in the foreground. Most of the faint fuzzy spots in the picture are much more distant galaxies – and there is a particularly dense concentration just to the left of NGC 1316.
