Tag Archive for 'Early Universe'

This image shows the orientation of the magnetic field in the distant galaxy 9io9, seen here when the Universe was only 20% of its current age -- the furthest ever detection of a galaxy’s magnetic field. Image credit: ALMA / ESO / NAOJ / NRAO / Geach et al.

ALMA Detects Galaxy’s Magnetic Field in Early Universe

Sep 6, 2023 by News Staff

Astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have detected linearly polarized thermal emission from dust grains in 9io9, a...

This image shows the Maisie’s galaxy. Image credit: NASA / STScI / CEERS / TACC / University of Texas at Austin / S. Finkelstein / M. Bagley.

Webb Confirms Two Very Luminous Galaxies in Early Universe

Aug 15, 2023 by Natali Anderson

During the first 500 million years of cosmic history, the first stars and galaxies formed, seeding the Universe with heavy elements and eventually reionizing...

This Webb image shows Earendel, a massive B-type star more than twice as hot as our Sun, and about a million times more luminous. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / D. Coe, STScI, AURA, ESA & Johns Hopkins University / B. Welch, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center & University of Maryland, College Park / Z. Levay.

Earendel is Massive B-Type Star, Webb Astronomers Say

Aug 9, 2023 by News Staff

Earendel, the farthest known star, is a massive B-type star more than twice as hot as our Sun, and about a million times more luminous, according to an...

SPT-CL J2215-3537 resembles a blue cloud with a hazy golden light at its core. The cluster is set against the blackness of space, which is dotted with white, orange and blue specks of light. A combination of X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and infrared light, was used to create the image. The blue cloud represents X-ray gas observed by NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory. The cloud is soft, and uniform in texture. Over time, galaxy clusters often merge or collide. These collisions cause disturbances and sharp features in a cluster’s gas. When a cluster takes on a smooth, calm appearance, as found here in SPT-CL J2215-3537, it indicates that no such collisions have occurred for a very long time. Astronomers call these galaxy clusters ‘relaxed.’ The hazy golden light at the heart of the cloud represents a massive central galaxy with a large amount of star formation. This central galaxy is quite isolated within the blue gas cloud. There are relatively few nearby specks of light near the central galaxy, and none are as bright or as large. No other large galaxies have been found within 600,000 light-years of the central galaxy. This implies that SPT-CL J2215-3537 has not experienced a galaxy merger in the last billion years. Image credit: NASA / CXC / MIT / M. Calzadilla / STScI / HST / N. Wolk.

Chandra Spots ‘Relaxed’ Galaxy Cluster in Distant Universe

Jul 21, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

The dynamically relaxed galaxy cluster SPT-CL J2215-3537 is about 8.4 billion light-years from Earth, making it the farthest galaxy cluster ever spotted...

An artist’s impression of a supermassive dark star. Image credit: Sci.News.

Webb May Have Spotted Supermassive Dark Stars

Jul 15, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

The first generation of stars in the Universe is yet to be observed. There are two leading theories for those objects: hydrogen burning Population III...

This artist’s impression shows the evolution of the Universe beginning with the Big Bang on the left followed by the appearance of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The formation of the first stars ends the cosmic dark ages, followed by the formation of galaxies. Image credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

Our Universe is 26.7 Billion Years Old, Astrophysicist Claims

Jul 11, 2023 by News Staff

The Universe could be twice as old as current estimates, according to new research from the University of Ottawa that challenges the dominant cosmological...

CEERS 1019’s black hole existed just over 570 million years after the Big Bang and weighs only 9 million solar masses. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / Leah Hustak, STScI.

Astronomers Detect Farthest Active Supermassive Black Hole Yet

Jul 6, 2023 by News Staff

Astronomers using the NASA/ESA / CSA James Webb Space Telescope have discovered an active supermassive black hole in CEERS 1019, a galaxy that existed...

This deep galaxy field from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) shows an arrangement of 10 distant galaxies marked by eight white circles in a diagonal, thread-like line. Two of the circles contain more than one galaxy. This 3 million light-year-long filament is anchored by a very distant and luminous quasar. Ccalled J0305-3150, this quasar appears in the middle of the cluster of three circles on the right side of the image. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / Feige Wang, University of Arizona.

Webb Detects 3-Million-Light-Year-Long Filament of Galaxies in Early Universe

Jul 5, 2023 by News Staff

Galaxies are strung along filaments in the vast cosmic web, which also contains enormous voids. Using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers...

Universe was Five Times Slower Soon after Big Bang, Astrophysicists Say

Jul 3, 2023 by News Staff

A fundamental consequence of the relativistic picture of expanding space is cosmological time dilation, where events in the distant Universe appear to...

ESA’s Euclid spacecraft will orbit the second Lagrange point (L2), 1.5 million km from Earth in the opposite direction to the Sun. L2 is an equilibrium point of the Sun-Earth system that follows Earth around the Sun. In its orbit at L2, Euclid’s sunshield can always block the light from the Sun, Earth and Moon while pointing its telescope towards deep space, ensuring a high level of stability for its instruments. At L2, Euclid joins ESA’s Gaia mission and the ESA/NASA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, which are also orbiting around this equilibrium point, each following well separated trajectories. Image credit: ESA.

ESA’s Euclid Mission Launches to Explore Dark Matter and Energy

Jul 3, 2023 by News Staff

The Euclid spacecraft, built and operated by ESA, with contributions from NASA, lifted off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida at 11:12...

Webb captured extraordinarily detailed images and spectra of galaxies that existed when the Universe was only 900 million years old. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / Simon Lilly, ETH Zurich / Daichi Kashino, Nagoya University / Jorryt Matthee, ETH Zurich / Christina Eilers, MIT / Rongmon Bordoloi, NCSU / Ruari Mackenzie, ETH Zurich / Alyssa Pagan, STScI / Ruari Mackenzie, ETH Zurich.

Star-Forming Galaxies Reionized Early Universe, Astronomers Say

Jun 12, 2023 by News Staff

Only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, the infant Universe was brimming with opaque hydrogen gas that trapped light at some wavelengths from...

The very massive first-generation stars with a mass range from 140 to 260 solar masses are predicted to enrich the early interstellar medium through pair-instability supernovae; decades of observational efforts, however, have not been able to uniquely identify the imprints of such very massive stars on the most metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. Image credit: NAOC.

Galactic Halo Star’s Chemical Signature Indicates Existence of Very Massive Stars in Early Universe

Jun 7, 2023 by News Staff

Early Universe’s stars had up to several hundred solar masses. The earliest stars of 140-260 solar masses became pair-instability supernovae (PISNe)....

The hyperluminous star-forming galaxy GN-z11 hosts an accreting black hole. Image credit: NASA / ESA / P. Oesch, Yale University / G. Brammer, STScI / P. van Dokkum, Yale University / G. Illingworth, University of California, Santa Cruz / Sci.News.

Webb Detects Small and Vigorous Black Hole in Early Universe

Jun 6, 2023 by Sergio Prostak

The newly-discovered black hole resides in the hyperluminous galaxy GN-z11 at a redshift of 11 and could have originated from a stellar mass seed at redshifts...

In this false-color Webb image, the foreground galaxy is shown in blue, while the SPT0418-47 galaxy is red; the organic molecules are highlighted in orange. Image credit: J. Spilker / S. Doyle / NASA / ESA / CSA.

Webb Finds Complex Organic Molecules in Early Universe

Jun 5, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

Using the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in SPT-S J041839-4751.9 (SPT0418-47 for short),...

A projected image of the galaxy JD1 (inset), which is located behind the galaxy cluster Abell 2744. Image credit: Guido Roberts-Borsani, UCLA / NASA / ESA / CSA / Swinburne University of Technology / University of Pittsburgh / STScI.

Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Spotted Just 480 Million Years after Big Bang

Jun 3, 2023 by News Staff

Residing behind a galaxy supercluster called Abell 2744, the JD1 galaxy is gravitationally lensed and displays three images. A projected image of the galaxy...

An artist’s impression of a supermassive black hole. Image credit: University of Hawai’i at Mānoa.

Astronomers Detect Supermassive Black Holes in ‘Cosmic Noon’ Galaxy Pairs

May 11, 2023 by News Staff

Astronomers at Newcastle University and Colby College have developed a new technique to determine how likely it is that two galaxies are very close together...

This artist’s impression shows a distant gas cloud that contains different chemical elements, illustrated here with schematic representations of various atoms. Image credit: L. Calçada / M. Kornmesser / ESO.

VLT Detects Chemical Signatures of Universe’s First Stars in Distant Gas Clouds

May 4, 2023 by News Staff

Astronomers using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) have detected three distant gas clouds whose chemical composition matches what they expect from the...

This Webb image shows member galaxies of the galaxy cluster A2744-z7p9OD. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / T. Morishita, IPAC / A. Pagan, STScI.

Webb Spots Galaxy Protocluster in Early Universe

Apr 25, 2023 by News Staff

The seven galaxies highlighted in this new image from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope have been confirmed to be at a distance that astronomers...

Color-composite image of the galaxy cluster RX J2129.6+0005; green circles indicate three lensed images of the dwarf starburst galaxy RX J2129-z95. Image credit: Williams et al., doi: 10.1126/science.adf5307.

Webb Finds Tiny Star-Forming Galaxy in Early Universe

Apr 13, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

The newly-discovered galaxy, named RX J2129-z95, appears as three images due to the gravitational lensing of the foreground galaxy cluster RX J2129.6+0005....

Astronomers from the ACT Collaboration used NSF’s Atacama Cosmology Telescope to create this new map of the dark matter; the orange regions show where there is more mass; purple where there is less or none; the typical features are hundreds of millions of light years across; the whitish band shows where contaminating light from dust in our Milky Way Galaxy, measured by ESA’s Planck satellite, obscures a deeper view. Image credit: ACT Collaboration.

Astronomers Create Most Detailed Map of Dark Matter

Apr 11, 2023 by News Staff

Using data from NSF’s Atacama Cosmology Telescope, astronomers have produced the most detailed map of dark matter distributed across one quarter of the...

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