Other Sciences News

Brain Waves Help Flush Waste Out of Brain During Sleep, Say Neuroscientists

The accumulation of metabolic waste is a leading cause of numerous neurological disorders, yet we still have only limited knowledge of how the brain performs self-cleansing. Jiang-Xie et al. demonstrate that neural networks synchronize individual action potentials to create large-amplitude, rhythmic and self-perpetuating ionic waves in the interstitial fluid of the brain. Image credit: Jiang-Xie et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07108-6.
Mar 4, 2024 by News Staff

Individual neurons coordinate to produce rhythmic waves that propel fluid through dense brain tissue, washing the tissue in the process, according to new research from Washington University in St Louis. The accumulation of metabolic waste is a leading cause of numerous neurological disorders, yet we still have only limited knowledge of how the brain performs self-cleansing. Jiang-Xie et al. demonstrate that neural networks synchronize individual action...

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An UAP from a declassified video captured by a U.S. Navy aircraft. Image credit: U.S. Navy.

Study: Most Sightings of UAPs Occur in American West

Mar 1, 2024 by News Staff

Sightings of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP), formerly known as unidentified flying objects (UFOs), have been reported throughout history. Given...

Photographs, drawings, and details of stone tools from Le Moustier, France. Image credit: D. Greinert / Schmidt et al., doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0822.

Neanderthals Created Stone Tools Held Together by Ochre-Based Adhesives, Scientists Say

Feb 21, 2024 by News Staff

Archaeologists have found traces of ancient ochre-based multicomponent adhesives on 40,000-year-old stone tools from Le Moustier, France. Photographs,...

These images show adult sea lampreys (top and left) and a developing sea lamprey embryo. Image credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research.

Study: Sea Lamprey’s Brain Development is Remarkably Similar to That of Humans

Feb 21, 2024 by News Staff

The hindbrain of both sea lampreys and humans is built using an extraordinarily similar molecular and genetic toolkit, according to new research led by...

Ghosh et al. suggest that retroviral endogenization played a prominent role in the emergence of vertebrate myelin. Image credit: Ghosh et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.011.

Study: Ancient Retroviruses Shaped Vertebrate Brains

Feb 19, 2024 by News Staff

Biologists from Altos Labs-Cambridge Institute of Science, the University of Cambridge and elsewhere have found that a retrovirus-derived genetic element...

Consuming 100% orange juice prior to a meal, when compared to an orange drink, suppresses food intake at the next meal and results in lower daily blood glucose concentrations in healthy, normal-weight adults.

Study: 100% Orange Juice Intake Results in Lower Daily Blood Glucose Compared to Orange Drink

Feb 16, 2024 by News Staff

100% orange juice and sugar-sweetened beverages are not equivalent when looking at the impact on food intake and glycemic response, and they should not...

The new metamaterial is formed by randomly oriented bi-material nanocylinders in a host medium. Image credit: Ihar Faniayeu / Aalto University.

Researchers One Step Closer to True One-Way Glass

Feb 14, 2024 by News Staff

Scientists at Aalto University have proposed a three-dimensional metamaterial with an isotropic effect in the visible spectral range. The new metamaterial...

An artist’s impression of the ‘Snowball Earth.’ Image credit: Oleg Kuznetsov, http://3depix.com / CC BY-SA 4.0.

Low Volcanic Carbon Dioxide Emissions Triggered Sturtian ‘Snowball Earth’ Glaciation: Study

Feb 8, 2024 by News Staff

The Sturtian ‘Snowball Earth’ glaciation (717 to 661 million years ago) is regarded as the most extreme interval of icehouse climate in Earth’s history....

Consumption of 1-3 servings/day of total kimchi is associated with a lower risk of obesity in men. Image credit: Dongwon Lee.

Daily Consumption of Kimchi May Reduce Men’s Obesity Risk

Feb 1, 2024 by News Staff

In a cross-sectional study, researchers from Chung Ang University and elsewhere analyzed the data from the HEXA cohort study in Korea to investigate the...

Stratigraphy with location of Homo sapiens bones, map of LRJ sites and stone tools from the site of Ranis, Germany. Image credit: Mylopotamitaki et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06923-7.

Homo sapiens Reached Northern Europe by 45,000 Years Ago, Scientists Say

Jan 31, 2024 by News Staff

Homo sapiens associated with the Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician culture were present in central and northwestern Europe long before the extinction...

Kwon et al. offer valuable insights into the potential utilization of tomatoes as a natural antimicrobial food source for the promotion of public health; given their widespread popularity and cost effectiveness, tomatoes possess considerable potential as alternative antimicrobial agents within lifestyle interventions. Image credit: Catalin Stefan.

Tomato Juice Shows Antimicrobial Activity against Enteric Pathogens

Jan 30, 2024 by Natali Anderson

Tomatoes are readily available and affordable vegetables that offer a range of health benefits due to their bioactive molecules, such as antioxidants and...

Fletcher et al. suggest that kiwifruit consumption, and to a lesser extent vitamin C supplementation, can lead to mood-related improvements in a relatively short period of time (from 4 to 16 days), even in a relatively healthy population with good mental health. Image credit: Photo Mix.

Kiwifruit Consumption Can Improve Vitality and Mood in As Little As Four Days, Study Suggests

Jan 26, 2024 by News Staff

Foods rich in vitamin C can improve mood; however, the timecourse of these benefits is unknown. In new research, scientists from the University of Auckland...

Vasas et al. show 3 male orange sulphurs (Colias eurytheme). These butterflies display strong angle-dependent UV iridescence on the dorsal side of their wings. The UV-iridescent portions appear more orange to the human observer than the otherwise yellow wings (see human-visible inset). The avian false color depiction (main image) is based on the coordinates of the receptor noise-limited (RNL) opponent space. Coordinates in this space represent differences in an animal’s photoreceptor responses, and the distances between the coordinates approximate the perceptual distances between the colors. The inset color key illustrates human-visible colors around the perimeter of a circle colored according to RNL coordinates, where UV colors start at the epicenter and mix with other colors. In this depiction, the UV-iridescent portions appear purple, because they most strongly reflect in the ultraviolet and the red part of the spectrum. The ventral part of the wings, visible when the animals are in their resting position, are depicted as gray-brown, just like the leaves, as they are close to the achromatic point. Image credit: Vasas et al., doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002444.

Novel Camera System and Software Records Natural Animal-View Videos with Over 90% Accuracy

Jan 24, 2024 by News Staff

A new camera system and associated software package allows scientists to produce videos that accurately replicate the colors that different animals see...

Litman et al. show that ions and water molecules at the surface of most salt-water solutions, known as electrolyte solutions, are organized in a completely different way than traditionally understood. Image credit: Litman et al., doi: 10.1038/s41557-023-01416-6.

Water Molecules at Salt Water’s Surface Organized Differently than Previously Thought: Study

Jan 17, 2024 by News Staff

The distribution of ions at the air/water interface plays a decisive role in many natural processes. Several studies have reported that larger ions tend...

The portrait of Homo longi. Image credit: Cicero Moraes, doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24648591.

Face of Homo longi Reconstructed

Jan 15, 2024 by Sergio Prostak

A Brazilian anthropologist has reconstructed the face of the archaic human species Homo longi from a well-preserved skull discovered in northeastern China...

Xenon nanoclusters between two graphene layers, with sizes between two and ten atoms. Image credit: Manuel Längle.

Physicists Capture Direct Images of Noble Gas Nanoclusters at Room Temperature

Jan 11, 2024 by News Staff

Physicists have, for the first time, directly imaged small clusters of noble gas atoms at room temperature. This achievement opens up exciting possibilities...

An artist’s impression of a group of Gigantopithecus blacki within a forest in southern China. Image credit: Garcia / Joannes-Boyau, Southern Cross University.

Gigantopithecus Went Extinct between 295,000 and 215,000 Years Ago, New Study Says

Jan 10, 2024 by Sergio Prostak

Gigantopithecus blacki, the largest ever primate and one of the largest species of the southeast Asian megafauna, persisted in China from about 2 million...

DeSilva et al. suggest that patterns of human brain evolution were influenced by collective intelligence, a convergent characteristic of diverse group-living animals. Image credit: Gerd Altmann.

Scientists Identify Mechanism that Governs Interaction between Perceptual and Memory Neural Systems

Jan 2, 2024 by News Staff

The classic understanding of brain organization is that perceptual regions of the brain represent the world ‘as it is,’ with the brain’s visual cortex...

The colored plots illustrate neural activity recorded in mouse visual cortex (V1); each row of tick marks represents the spikes of a different neuron; researchers can predict the target side from the neural activity with near perfect accuracy, animal subjects get many masked trials wrong due to how brain regions downstream of V1 process this information. Image credit: Gale et al.

New Animal Study Sheds Light on ‘Visual Masking’ Phenomenon

Dec 28, 2023 by News Staff

A strange phenomenon called visual masking can reveal the timescale of perception, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The colored plots...

The study sheds new light on the link between sleep deprivation and obesity. Image credit: Sweet Briar College.

Inadequate Sleep Impacts Our Daytime Emotional Lives, New Review Says

Dec 27, 2023 by News Staff

In a largely sleep-deprived society, quantifying the effects of sleep loss on emotion is critical for promoting psychological health. In a new systematic...

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