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Embryological series of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) showing the transition from ancestral to derived pelvic states across avian prehatching ontogeny: (a) pelvic reconstructions along the evolutionary transition to living birds; note that pelves are shown as examples of character states and are not in one-to-one correspondence with ontogenetic stages; (b) during ontogeny, the ilium extends first posteriorly and then anteriorly, the pubis retroverts, the tail becomes relatively reduced and a transient pubic boot appears at intermediate ontogenetic stages; (c) the CFL (M. caudofemoralis longus homologue) is large during early ontogenetic stages; the IF (M. iliofemoralis homologue) originates smaller and further back on the ilium before expanding anteriorly to the derived condition and never splits into two muscles as seen in the adult; and PIFE1+2 (Mm. puboischiofemoralis externus 1 et 2 homologues) fail to fully differentiate until after the pubis is retroverted; muscles that are not highlighted are in gray; (d) the derived pelvic spinal nerve arrangement in birds (top), with additional spinal nerves contributing to the sacral plexus and nerves in Coturnix embryos (bottom). Scale bars - 1 mm in (b and d), 2 mm in (c). Image credit: Griffin et al., doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04982-w.

Study: Developing Bird Hip Bone Passes through Ancestral Dinosaurian Conditions

Aug 8, 2022 by News Staff

Living birds have bodies substantially modified from the ancestral reptilian condition. The bird pelvis (hip bone) in particular experienced major changes...

This image shows a male Santa Marta sabrewing (Campylopterus phainopeplus); male Santa Marta sabrewings are green with a blue throat, and females are green above and mostly white below; both sexes have a white spot behind the eye and lack copper in the tail; the Santa Marta sabrewing had not had a documented sighting in 13 years; it is only the third time the hummingbird has been documented since it was described by science in 1946. Image credit: Yurgen Vega / SELVA / ProCAT.

Santa Marta Sabrewing: Elusive and Spectacular Hummingbird Species Rediscovered in Colombia

Aug 8, 2022 by News Staff

A poorly known species of hummingbird called the Santa Marta sabrewing (Campylopterus phainopeplus) has been unexpectedly rediscovered in the highlands...

Alemayehu Tassew et al. confirm that, in addition to the selective hand-picking of red-ripe berries, better quality coffees can be obtained by using the dry processing method within the recommended range of green bean moisture content. Image credit: Daniel Ramirez.

Best Coffees Come from Selectively Hand-Picked, Sundried Red-Ripe Cherries, Study Confirms

Aug 5, 2022 by News Staff

Researchers have carried out a comprehensive physical and cup quality assessment of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) from three regions in the Kafa Biosphere...

Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of Pegasus sinensis. Image credit: Xin Wang

Bizarre New Species of Fish Found in East China Sea

Aug 5, 2022 by Natali Anderson

Marine biologists have discovered a new species of the seamoth genus Pegasus living in the coastal waters of Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China. Dorsal,...

Gibbons et al. showed that bumblebees are capable of modifying their response to noxious stimuli in order to get a higher sugar reward. Image credit: Ralphs Fotos.

Bumblebees Can Experience Pain, New Study Claims

Aug 3, 2022 by News Staff

Insects are traditionally thought to respond to noxious stimuli in an inflexible manner, without the ability to modulate their behavior according to context....

Mechanisms of Nepenthes gracilis. Image credit: Anne-Kristin Lenz & Ulrike Bauer, doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0106.

Carnivorous Pitcher Plant from Asia Uses Rain Energy to Power Its Traps

Aug 3, 2022 by News Staff

The cup-shaped leaves of Nepenthes gracilis, or the slender pitcher plant, are equipped with a canopy-like hanging lid that turns into a ‘springboard’...

LifeGate 2022 combines up-to-date phylogenetic knowledge with a graphical display of the richness and aesthetics of life on Earth. Image credit: Martin Freiberg / Leipzig University.

New Interactive Phylogenetic Map Shows Full Diversity of Life on Earth

Jul 29, 2022 by News Staff

LifeGate 2022, created by Leipzig University researcher Martin Freiberg, is an attempt to arrange all known species (about 2.6 million) in an interactive...

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus). Image credit: Andre Rerekura, Whaleshark Research.

Whale Shark is World’s Largest Omnivore, New Study Shows

Jul 25, 2022 by News Staff

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus), which have been reported up to 18 m long, is the largest known extant fish species. This creatrure is a filter feeder...

Gloydius lateralis. Image credit: Sheng-chao Shi.

Researchers Discover New Species of Venomous Snake in China

Jul 25, 2022 by Natali Anderson

Scientists from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered a new species of the...

A molecular phylogeny of Lepidoptera indicating antipredator ultrasound production across the order. Image credit: Barber et al., doi: 10.1073/pnas.2117485119.

Moths Produce Ultrasonic Defensive Sounds to Fend Off Bat Predators

Jul 22, 2022 by News Staff

Scientists from Boise State University and elsewhere have tested 252 genera from most families of large-bodied moths. Their results show that ultrasound-producing...

An assistant referee with a flag. Image credit: Chiraphat Phaungmala.

Soccer’s VAR Technology Is Not Precise Enough to Make Accurate Offside Decisions, Study Says

Jul 20, 2022 by News Staff

New research suggests that Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology in soccer is useful for preventing obvious mistakes but is not precise enough to give...

Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli in life, from Straight Fork, Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina. Image credit: Todd Pierson, Kennesaw State University.

Three New Cryptic Salamander Species Discovered

Jul 20, 2022 by News Staff

All of the three new species belong to the salamander genus Desmognathus and are found in the southern Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States,...

Li et al. systematically examined horizontal gene transfer in 218 high-quality genomes of diverse insects and found that they acquired 1,410 genes exhibiting diverse functions, including many not previously reported, via 741 distinct transfers from non-metazoan donors. Image credit: Li et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.014.

Insects Carry 1,410 Horizontally-Transferred Microbial Genes: Study

Jul 19, 2022 by News Staff

In new research, a team of scientists from Zhejiang University and Vanderbilt University examined horizontal gene transfer — an important evolutionary...

New Tardigrade Species Discovered in Kyrgyzstan

Jul 16, 2022 by Natali Anderson

Cornechiniscus mystacinus has catfish-like ‘barbels’ and can be found in the Jalalabat region of Kyrgyzstan. Cornechiniscus mystacinus. Image credit:...

Van Wassenbergh et al. found that woodpecker heads behave very stiffly during pecking impacts. Image credit: Van Wassenbergh et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.052.

Heads of Woodpeckers Function as Stiff Hammers during Pecking, Says New Study

Jul 15, 2022 by News Staff

The skull of a woodpecker has long been hypothesized to serve as a shock absorber that minimizes the harmful deceleration of its brain upon impact into...

Insects Probably Can Feel Pain, Researchers Say

Jul 12, 2022 by Sergio Prostak

In a new paper published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, scientists from the Queen Mary University of London argue that insects most likely...

Selden & Putz argue that by promoting root growth in their tunnels and then cropping those roots, southeastern pocket gophers (Geomys pinetis) are employing a low-level food production system that may qualify as farming. Image credit: John Woodhouse Audubon / New York Public Library.

Pocket Gophers are First Non-Human Mammals Known to Farm for Living

Jul 11, 2022 by News Staff

According to new research from the University of Florida, roots grow into the humid tunnels of southeastern pocket gophers (Geomys pinetis) where they...

https://cdn.sci.news/images/2022/07/image_10968-Victoria-boliviana.jpg

New Species of Giant Waterlily Identified

Jul 5, 2022 by Natali Anderson

Victoria boliviana marks the first discovery of a giant waterlily species in over a century and breaks the record as the largest in the world. Wild population...

Liu et al. show that in normal mouse skin, Scube3 is expressed only in dermal papillae of growing, but not in resting follicles. SCUBE3 protein microinjection is sufficient to induce new hair growth, and pharmacological TGF-β inhibition rescues mutant hair hyper-activation phenotype. Moreover, dermal-papilla-enriched expression of SCUBE3 and its growth-activating effect are partially conserved in human scalp hair follicles. Image credit: Liu et al., doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.005.

Newly-Discovered Signaling Molecule Stimulates Hair Multiplication and Growth

Jul 1, 2022 by News Staff

SCUBE3 potently stimulates hair growth and may offer a therapeutic treatment for androgenetic alopecia. Liu et al. show that in normal mouse skin, Scube3...