Other Sciences News

Researchers Find Myopia-Causing Cells in Retina

This image shows an ON Delayed retinal ganglion cell. Image credit: Adam Mani & Gregory W. Schwartz, Northwestern University.
Feb 13, 2017 by News Staff

A team of researchers at Northwestern University has discovered a type of retinal ganglion cell that may cause myopia when it dysfunctions. The study is published in the journal Current Biology. This image shows an ON Delayed retinal ganglion cell. Image credit: Adam Mani & Gregory W. Schwartz, Northwestern University. This study is part of the team’s larger body of research to reverse engineer the retina by identifying new retinal cell types...

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A layered ruthenate Ca2RuO4-y exhibits NTE; the sintered-body structure shows colossal NTE when extremely anisotropic thermal expansion of the crystal grains produces deformation, consuming open spaces (voids) on heating; the total volume change related to NTE reaches 6.7% at most, the largest reported so far. Image credit: Koshi Takenaka et al.

Record-Breaking Material Shrinks When Heated

Feb 10, 2017 by News Staff

Most materials expand when heated, but a few materials do the opposite and contract. Researchers at Nagoya University are now adding to this curious class...

J Philip Karl et al quantify benefits of a whole-grain diet. Image credit: Tofs.

Study Reveals Health Benefits of Whole-Grain Diet

Feb 9, 2017 by News Staff

A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that substituting whole grains for refined grains increases calorie loss by...

Model depicting the FLP-7/NPR-22 neuroendocrine axis that underlies the 5-HTergic control of body fat loss. In the nervous system, an integrated 5-HT and octopaminergic circuit stimulates body fat loss. In this study, we report the discovery of a tachykinin signalling system that underlies the 5-HTergic control of body fat loss in C. elegans. The FLP-7 neuroendocrine peptide is secreted from the ASI neurons in response to 5-HT and Oct-mediated signalling. The nutrient sensor AAK-2/AMPK acts in the ASI neurons via the CREB co-regulator CRTC-1 to regulate FLP-7 release in response to 5-HT-encoded signals of food availability. Upon release, FLP-7 acts in the intestine via the NPR-22/NK2R receptor to stimulate the ATGL-1 lipase, which drives fat loss. The identification of FLP-7 and NPR-22 addresses a long-standing question about the molecular basis of the central effects of 5-HT on fat loss in peripheral tissues. Image credit: Lavinia Palamiuc et al, doi: 10.1038/ncomms14237.

Scientists Identify Brain-Signaling Molecule that Triggers Fat Burning

Feb 8, 2017 by News Staff

A research team led by Scripps Research Institute scientist Dr. Supriya Srinivasan has identified a brain hormone that appears to trigger fat burning in...

Microphotograph of the diamond anvil cell high-pressure cavity in reflected and transmitted light at 140 GPa after laser heating to > 1,500 degrees Kelvin. The sample, which consists of mixture of tI19 Na and Na2He, is in contact with He medium that is seen as a transparent area near the edge of the gasket. Image credit: Xiao Dong et al, doi: 10.1038/nchem.2716.

Researchers Create Stable Compound of Helium and Sodium

Feb 7, 2017 by Enrico de Lazaro

An international team of researchers has successfully synthesized a thermodynamically stable compound of sodium and the noble gas helium, Na2He, which...

Mark Rylance, Brie Larson, Leonardo Dicaprio, Alicia Vikander at the 88th Oscars. Image credit: ABC Television Group / CC BY-ND 2.0.

Psychology Researchers Reveal How to Win an Oscar

Feb 6, 2017 by News Staff

If you want to win an Oscar it is best to be an American actor in a movie that portrays American culture. That is the conclusion of a paper by an international...

According to Ellen Stothard et al, a weekend camping trip prevents the typical weekend circadian and sleep delay. Image credit: Unsplash.

Weekend Camping Trip Can Help Re-Set Body’s Internal Clock, New Study Says

Feb 3, 2017 by News Staff

New research published in the journal Current Biology shows that as little as 48 hours of camping can help re-set the body’s circadian rhythm, or internal...

Heat-driven transistor. Image credit: Linköping University.

Researchers Create World’s First Heat-Driven Transistor

Jan 31, 2017 by News Staff

Researchers at Linköping University in Sweden have created what they say is a heat-gated organic transistor. Heat-driven transistor. Image credit: Linköping...

Limestone block engraved with an aurochs. Image credit: P. Jugie, Musée National de Préhistoire Collections.

38,000-Year-Old Aurignacian Artwork Found in France

Jan 30, 2017 by News Staff

Researchers have uncovered a 38,000-year-old engraved image at Abri Blanchard, an Upper Paleolithic site of the Aurignacian culture — a finding that...

A watercolor drawing of the durian (Durio zibethinus), c. 1819-1823. The drawing is one of 477 natural history drawings of plants and animals of Malacca and Singapore commissioned by William Farquhar.

Chemists Identify Key Compounds Responsible for Durian’s Pungent Odor

Jan 19, 2017 by Natali Anderson

A team of researchers in Germany has analyzed a set of stinky and fruity chemical ingredients and found that the overall odor of durian pulp could be mimicked...

World’s Thinnest Electrical Wires Developed: Just Three Atoms Wide

Dec 27, 2016 by News Staff

Researchers are reporting development of the world’s thinnest electrical wires, made of chalcogenide and diamondoids (the smallest possible bits of diamond)....

An anatomical illustration from Sobotta’s Human Anatomy, 1908.

Mesentery: Researchers Reclassify Part of Digestive System as Organ

Dec 23, 2016 by News Staff

The mesentery, which connects the intestine to the abdomen, had for hundreds of years been considered a fragmented structure made up of multiple separate...

Denisovans were probably dark-skinned, unlike the pale Neandertals. The picture shows a Neanderthal man. Image credit: Mauro Cutrona.

Inuits Inherited Cold Adaptation Genes from Denisovan-Related Species

Dec 22, 2016 by News Staff

In the Arctic, the Inuits have adapted to cold and a seafood diet. After the first genomic analysis of Greenlandic Inuits, a region in the genome containing...

Global map of seismic data and ages of ocean crust: the location of seismic refraction data (circles) and mantle hotspots (white stars) were used to examine whether mid-plate volcanism substantially influenced the thickness of aged ocean crust; the modern mid-ocean ridge system is marked by a yellow line; areas in violet outline large igneous provinces. Image credit: Harm J. A. Van Avendonk et al, doi: 10.1038/ngeo2849.

Pangea Breakup Cooled Earth’s Mantle, Thinned Crust

Dec 21, 2016 by News Staff

According to a new study, the oceanic crust produced by Earth today is thinner than crust made 170 million years ago during the time of the supercontinent...

ESA’s Swarm satellites have led the discovery of a jet stream in the liquid iron part of Earth’s core about 1,870 miles beneath the surface. In addition, Swarm data show that this jet stream is speeding up. Image credit: ESA.

Researchers Discover Jet Stream in Earth’s Molten Iron Core

Dec 20, 2016 by News Staff

A jet stream within the Earth’s core has been discovered by researchers using data from ESA’s Swarm satellite mission. ESA’s Swarm satellites have...

Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières et al induced autistic-like behavior in mice by lowering the levels of nSR100 protein, which is important for normal brain development. Image credit: Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières et al, doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.033.

Study: Drop in nSR100 Protein Levels Causes Autistic-Like Behavior in Mice

Dec 16, 2016 by News Staff

As many as 33% of autism cases could be explained by a scarcity of a protein called nSR100 in the brain, a new study in the journal Molecular Cell has...

Running may affect the structure and function of the brain in ways similar to complex tasks like playing a musical instrument. Image credit: Pete Linforth / Skeeze.

Runners Have Better Connected Brains, Study Finds

Dec 15, 2016 by News Staff

New research published in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience reveals that endurance runners’ brains have greater functional connectivity —...

According to Karen Hardy et al, earliest Europeans did not use fire. Image credit: Charles Robert Knight.

Earliest Europeans Did Not Use Fire for Cooking, Researchers Say

Dec 14, 2016 by News Staff

Europe’s earliest humans did not use fire, but had a balanced diet of meat and plants — all eaten raw, according to a team of researchers led by...

An example of the uniformity illusion with blurriness. Image credit: Marte Otten et al, doi: 10.1177/0956797616672270.

Illusion Reveals that Human Brain Fills in Peripheral Vision

Dec 14, 2016 by News Staff

According to a new study, what we see in the periphery, just outside the direct focus of the eye, may sometimes be a visual illusion. Four examples of...

Sofia Soares et al investigated midbrain dopamine neurons during timing behavior in mice; when measuring and manipulating mouse activity, the team observed that dopamine neurons controlled temporal judgments on a time scale of seconds. Image credit: Geralt.

Neuroscientists Identify Neurons that Control Judgment of Time

Dec 13, 2016 by News Staff

A new study in mice shows that dopamine neuron activity plays a key role in judgment of time, slowing down the internal clock. Sofia Soares et al investigated...

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