Tropical riparian ecosystems — those found along rivers and wetlands — in what is now North China recovered within as little as 2 million years after the end-Permian extinction, one of the most devastating bio-crises in the history of life, destroying both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. An illustration depicting the onset of the end-Permian mass extinction. Image credit: Dawid Adam Iurino / PaleoFactory, Sapienza University of Rome...