Other Sciences News

New Research Provides Insights into Dynamics of Primordial Earth’s Magma Ocean

An illustration of Earth as it existed during part of its formation billions of years ago, when an ocean of magma covered its surface and stretched thousands of km deep into the core; a typical cell from a simulation conducted by Bajgain et al. with the relative positions of atoms are shown in the left. Image credit: Suraj Bajgain / Lake Superior State University.
Feb 28, 2023 by News Staff

Previous research estimated that it took hundreds of million years for early Earth’s magma ocean to solidify, but new research narrows these large uncertainties down to less than just a couple of million years. An illustration of Earth as it existed during part of its formation billions of years ago, when an ocean of magma covered its surface and stretched thousands of km deep into the core; a typical cell from a simulation conducted by Bajgain...

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The oxidation of ferrocenyl-substituted boranes and boronic esters allows for the straightforward synthesis of strong boron-centered Lewis superacids. Image credit: Köring et al., doi: 10.1002/anie.202216959.

Chemists Develop New Technique to Synthesize Lewis Superacids

Feb 27, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

Lewis superacids are very special catalysts that can be used to break strong chemical bonds in non-biodegradable fluorinated hydrocarbons and climate-damaging...

Differences between 3D, 2D, and 1D corrosion: (a) schematic drawing of a typical bulk bicontinuous dealloying corrosion morphology; (b) schematic drawing of a typical pitting corrosion morphology with the volume set as transparent; the grain boundaries (GBs) were not displayed because both intergranular and intragranular pitting can occur; (c) schematic drawing of a typical intergranular corrosion morphology with the volume set as opaque; the sides of the cube display the cross-sectional views; (d) schematic drawing of 1D wormhole corrosion in a polycrystalline material; the upper half is a cross-sectional view showing discontinuous dots (i.e., voids filled by molten salt) along the GBs; the bottom half is a volumetric cutaway along the GBs where the 1D percolating network of tunnels on the grain surfaces is clearly shown in red; the dark blue color in (a) to (c) indicates free space such as cracks, voids, crevices etc., while the red color in (d) indicates wormholes filled with molten salt; (e) a representative false-colored SEM image showing the cross-section of Ni-20Cr after corrosion; (f) FIB-SEM 3D reconstruction of the volume shown in (e). Image credit: Yang et al., doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36588-9.

New Form of Corrosion Discovered: One Dimensional Wormhole Corrosion

Feb 24, 2023 by News Staff

Corrosion is a ubiquitous failure mode of materials. Often, the progression of localized corrosion is accompanied by the evolution of porosity in materials...

Left: a fully assembled quantum system at Google Quantum AI; prominently displayed is the dilution refrigerator in which the computations occur, the quantum processor and quantum-limited amplifiers installed at the bottom stage of the refrigerator, various cables connecting bottom to top, and control electronics of quantum computer in the back. Right: two generations of Sycamore processors fabricated by Google Quantum AI; each processor features two chips that are bonded together: a chip containing the quantum bits (qubits), and a chip containing the wiring between the qubits and the outside world; the latest generation of the Sycamore processor on the right is notably larger than previous generations, but also has several modifications to the qubits resulting in improved performance. Image credit: Google Quantum AI.

Google Quantum AI Team Improves Error Correction in Quantum Computing

Feb 23, 2023 by News Staff

A new work from Google Quantum AI represents a step towards the development of scalable quantum error correction to enable quantum computers to reach sufficiently...

Mathematicians often describe arguments as beautiful or dull, and famous scientists have claimed that mathematical beauty is a guide toward the truth. Do laypeople, like mathematicians and scientists, experience mathematics aesthetically? Three studies by Johnson & Steinerberger suggest that they do. Image credit: Gerd Altmann.

Researchers Identify Three Genetic Variants Associated with Mathematical Abilities in Children

Feb 23, 2023 by News Staff

Mathematical ability is moderately heritable, and it is a complex trait which can be evaluated in several different categories. A few genetic studies have...

In a controlled laboratory protocol, Isherwood et al. investigated if the human circadian system anticipates large meals. Image credit: Rita E.

Human Body Can Predict Timing of Regular Meals: Study

Feb 23, 2023 by News Staff

In new research, scientists at the University of Surrey tested the hypothesis that the human circadian system anticipates large meals. In a controlled...

Babies are able to learn abstract relations before the first year of life. Image credit: Kang Heungbo.

Study: Human Infants Outperform AI in Detecting What Motivates Other People’s Actions

Feb 22, 2023 by News Staff

Human infants are fascinated by other people. They bring to this fascination a constellation of rich and flexible expectations about the intentions motivating...

A model of a Neanderthal man in modern clothing. Image credit: H. Neumann / Neanderthal Museum.

New DNA Study Points to Importance of Balancing Selection in Human Evolution

Feb 22, 2023 by News Staff

Different genetic traits can be beneficial (for example, fending off disease) or harmful (making humans more susceptible to illness), depending on the...

A compound derived from beta-carotene was one of the building blocks in a fully degradable, biobased polymer. Image credit: Helen Tran.

Scientists Create Carotenoid-Based Degradable Polymer

Feb 21, 2023 by News Staff

Researchers at the University of Toronto have incorporated a compound derived from beta-carotene, or β-carotene — an organic, strongly colored red-orange...

The surface of Europa looms large in this newly-reprocessed color view; image scale is 1.6 km per pixel; north on Europa is at right. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / SETI Institute.

Planetary Scientists Create Two New Forms of Extraterrestrial Ice

Feb 21, 2023 by News Staff

University of Washington researcher Baptiste Journaux and colleagues believe the newly-created substances could form at the surface and bottom of deep...

The PEMFC domain generated by Wang et al.: (a) 2D and (b) 3D rendering of the segmented membrane electrode assembly with artificially overlayed flow channels; the gas channel and land contacting the microporous gas diffusion layer are labeled. Image credit: Wang et al., doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35973-8.

Novel Algorithm Helps Produce High-Resolution Images of Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Feb 20, 2023 by News Staff

A team of scientists led by University of New South Wales researchers Ryan Armstrong, Chuan Zhao and Quentin Meyer has developed a new algorithm to improve...

Daily consumption of strawberries at a dose of two-and-a-half cups per day significantly improved insulin resistance and moderately improved high-density lipoprotein particle size. Image credit: Roberto Barresi.

Dietary Strawberry Consumption May Help Heart Health

Feb 13, 2023 by News Staff

Dietary strawberries significantly improve cardiometabolic risks, mainly via improving insulin resistance and lipid particles, and improve vascular health,...

Oldowan tools from the site of Nyayanga in Kenya: a dorsal flake, a ventral flake, and a core. Image credit: Plummer et al., doi: 10.1126/science.abo7452.

3-Million-Year-Old Oldowan Tools and Cut-Marked Bones Unearthed in Kenya

Feb 10, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

Oldowan tools, consisting of stones with one to a few flakes removed, are the oldest widespread and temporally persistent hominin tools. The oldest of...

People who drank 2 cups of coffee per day and people who drank over 3 cups per day had lower systolic blood pressure than non-coffee drinkers by 5.2 mmHg and 9.7, respectively; similar trends were also observed for peripheral pulse pressure, aortic blood pressure and aortic pulse pressure. Image credit: Sci.News.

Regular Coffee Drinking Associated with Lower Blood Pressure

Feb 9, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

According to new research from the University of Bologna and the Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, self-reported regular coffee drinkers have...

Hua et al. discovered a previously unknown layer of partly molten rock in a key region just below the tectonic plates. Image credit: Leonello Calvetti / Dreamstime.

Partially Molten Layer Detected Beneath Earth’s Tectonic Plates

Feb 7, 2023 by News Staff

The newly-detected molten rock layer is located about 150 km (93 miles) from the surface of our planet and is part of the asthenosphere, which sits under...

Cantuaria et al. found positive associations between exposure to road traffic noise and risk of tinnitus; highest risk estimates were found for women, people without a hearing loss, people with high education and income, and people who had never been in a blue-collar job. Image credit: Pexels.

Residential Exposure to Road Traffic Noise Increases Risk of Tinnitus, New Study Suggests

Feb 6, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

In a nationwide cohort study, scientists in Denmark investigated the association between residential road traffic and railway noise exposure, measured...

A jar with the medium-density amorphous ice inside, with steel balls and liquid nitrogen. Image credit: Rosu-Finsen et al., doi: 10.1126/science.abq2105.

New Form of Ice Discovered: Medium-Density Amorphous Ice

Feb 3, 2023 by News Staff

Water ice has many crystalline phases, along with a few amorphous structures. The complex structural diagram is important to understand because of the...

Professor Gaudzinski-Windheuser standing next to a life-size reconstruction of an adult male European straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) in the State Museum of Prehistory in Halle, Germany. Image credit: Lutz Kindler, LEIZA.

Neanderthals Hunted Straight-Tusked Elephants 125,000 Years Ago

Feb 2, 2023 by Enrico de Lazaro

Straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) were the largest terrestrial mammals of the Pleistocene epoch, present in Europe and western Asia between...

Prototypes designed and built by Kay et al. contain several layers of channels, each of which contain fluids with various optical properties; by pumping the fluids in and out of the channels, the system can optimize the type, quantity and distribution of light passing through. Image credit: Raphael Kay / Adrian So.

Researchers Create Squid-Inspired ‘Liquid Windows’

Feb 1, 2023 by News Staff

A team of researchers at the University of Toronto has developed a multilayered fluidic system that can reduce the energy costs of heating, cooling and...

X-ray powder diffraction mapping at multiple length scales revealed the unusual presence of lead(II) formate in several areas of The Night Watch. Image credit: Gonzalez et al., doi: 10.1002/anie.202216478.

Unusual Lead Compound Detected in Rembrandt’s Most Famous Painting

Jan 31, 2023 by News Staff

The Night Watch, painted in 1642 and on view in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, is considered Rembrandt’s most famous work. In new research, scientists...

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