Medicine News

Study: Elevated Levels of Glucose in Blood Reprogram Stem Cells, Increase Atherosclerosis Risk

Hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity may explain why targeting elevated glucose is ineffective in reducing macrovascular risk in diabetes and suggests new targets for disease prevention and therapy. Image credit: Steve Buissinne.
Jul 16, 2021 by News Staff

A team of scientists led by University of Oxford’s Professor Robin Choudhury has found that hyperglycemia alters stem cells in the bone marrow that go on to become white blood cells called macrophages; as a result, these macrophages become inflammatory and contribute to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that can cause heart attacks. The finding explains why people with diabetes are at increased risk of heart attack, even after their blood...

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Candida albicans. Image credit: Stephanie Rossow / Antibiotic Resistance Coordination and Strategy Unit, CDC.

Potentially Pathogenic Fungi Thrive in the Gut, Influence Health and Disease: Study

Jul 15, 2021 by News Staff

A new study in mice shows that normally, the immune system keeps potentially pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans in check, targeting them when they...

Antibiotic exposure early in life could alter human brain development in areas responsible for cognitive and emotional functions. Image credit: Arek Socha.

Early-Life Penicillin Could Lead to Brain Disorders, New Study Suggests

Jul 15, 2021 by News Staff

Penicillin in early life changes microbiome and gene expression, which allows cells to respond to its changing environment, in key areas of the developing...

Khan et al. performed a meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials of omega-3 fatty acids, stratified by EPA monotherapy and EPA+DHA therapy. Image credit: Sci-News.com.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes, Review Says

Jul 8, 2021 by Enrico de Lazaro

In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials comprising 149,051 participants, omega-3 fatty acids — such as eicosapentaenoic...

The European chestnut (Castanea sativa). Image credit: Benjamin Gimmel / CC BY-SA 2.5.

Chestnut Compound Shows High Bioactivity against Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Jul 5, 2021 by News Staff

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most serious infectious disease concerns worldwide. In 2019, the Centers for Disease Control...

In healthy eyes, photopic visual acuity improved significantly after cocoa flavanols ingestion and showed a non-significant trend to an improvement with red-berries anthocyanins. Image credit: Sci-News.com.

Study: Eating Pure Cocoa Improves Visual Acuity in Daylight

Jun 29, 2021 by Natali Anderson

A duo of researchers in Spain has examined the acute effect of compounds found in cocoa and red berries on retinal functions in healthy eyes. In healthy...

The postmenopausal females studied by Hernández-González et al. did not gain body weight with chocolate intake. Image credit: Sci-News.com.

High Intake of Chocolate in the Morning Could Help Burn Body Fat, Reduce Blood Glucose Levels

Jun 25, 2021 by Natali Anderson

A new study, led by Brigham and Women’s Hospital scientists, suggests that having chocolate in the morning or in the evening/night results in differential...

MPS is a novel neuroprotective molecule that is more than two orders of magnitude more potent than the related molecule, ethosuximide. The discovery may enable novel treatments for human neurodegenerative diseases to be developed in the future. Image credit: National Institute on Aging / National Institutes of Health.

Chronic Psychosocial Stress Could Lead to Alzheimer’s Disease

Jun 24, 2021 by News Staff

Chronic stress, which involves a pathway called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, may contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease,...

Drinking any type of coffee is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic liver disease and related liver conditions.

All Types of Coffee are Protective against Chronic Liver Disease, Study Shows

Jun 22, 2021 by News Staff

In a study involving almost 500,000 adults from the United Kingdom, a team of scientists from the University of Southampton and the University of Edinburgh...

Hops (Humulus lupulus). Image credit: Elisa Klickblick.

Two Compounds Derived from Hops Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis: Study

Jun 17, 2021 by News Staff

Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid produced by hops (Humulus lupulus), and its synthetic derivative, tetrahydroxanthohumol, can mitigate the diet-induced...

Borgmann et al. employed intersectional genetic manipulations to probe the feeding and glucoregulatory function of distinct sensory neurons; they reconstructed the gut innervation patterns of numerous molecularly defined vagal and spinal afferents and identified their downstream brain targets; bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations, coupled with behavioral and circuit mapping analysis, demonstrated that gut-innervating, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)-expressing vagal afferents relay anorexigenic signals to parabrachial nucleus neurons that control meal termination; moreover, GLP1R vagal afferent activation improved glucose tolerance, and their inhibition elevated blood glucose levels independent of food intake; in contrast, gut-innervating, GPR65-expressing vagal afferent stimulation increased hepatic glucose production and activated parabrachial neurons that control normoglycemia, but they were dispensable for feeding regulation. Image credit: Borgmann et al., doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.002.

Gut-Innervating Neurons Can Sense What We Eat, Study Suggests

Jun 7, 2021 by News Staff

In a new study published in the journal Cell Metabolism, researchers took a closer look at the functions of different sensory neurons in the control center...

A healthy diet that includes the consumption of popular fruits, such as apples, bananas and oranges, but not fruit juice, may play a role in mitigating risk of type 2 diabetes. Image credit: Romanov.

Healthy Diet Rich in Whole Fruits May Play Role in Mitigating Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Jun 3, 2021 by News Staff

In a study of 7,675 Australians, higher total fruit consumption was associated with better measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity; furthermore,...

Vimaleswaran et al. provide genetic evidence for the association of milk consumption with higher BMI but lower serum cholesterol levels. Image credit: Imo Flow.

Study: High Milk Intake Is Not Associated with Elevated Levels of Cholesterol

Jun 1, 2021 by News Staff

In a new meta-analysis of previous studies, a team of researchers from the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand found that people who regularly drank...

A new study by Chakraborty et al. suggests a potential association between circadian rhythms and myopia in humans. Image credit: Oscar Aznar.

People with Myopia More Likely to Experience Poorer Sleep Quality: Study

May 31, 2021 by News Staff

Myopia, or near-sightedness, is the most common refractive vision disorder and predisposes the eye to many blinding conditions in adulthood. According...

Dry age-related macular degeneration is one of the most common causes of vision loss in people over the age of 50. Image credit: Pexels.

Optogenetic Therapy Partially Restores Vision in Blind Patient with Retinitis Pigmentosa

May 26, 2021 by News Staff

A blind, 58-year-old male patient with retinitis pigmentosa experienced partial recovery of vision after a novel optogenetic treatment. A blind patient...

C-reactive protein, a marker for inflammation in the body, was found in higher levels in depressed people compared to non-depressed people. Image credit: Jawahar Swaminathan & MSD staff, European Bioinformatics Institute.

People with Depression Have Higher Levels of Inflammation, Study Says

May 20, 2021 by News Staff

A team of scientists at King’s College London investigated the pathways — genetic, environmental, lifestyle, medical — leading to inflammation...

Jatrana et al. demonstrated suboptimal hand hygiene practice in adolescents. Image credit: Manuel Darío Fuentes Hernández.

Study: Only One in Three Adolescents Practice Appropriate Hand Hygiene

May 19, 2021 by News Staff

Among 354,422 adolescents from 92 low- to middle- and high-income countries, only 30.3% were found to practice appropriate hand hygiene. Jatrana et al....

Diet-induced obesity results in Paneth cell dysfunction in humans and mice. Image credit: Liu et al., doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.004.

Western Diet Causes Damage to Immune Cells in Gut, Study Shows

May 19, 2021 by News Staff

Paneth cells, immune cells in the gastrointestinal epithelia, modulate innate immunity and infection. In Crohn’s disease, genetic mutations together...

Kennedy et al. found that fetal gut colonization of healthy term infants does not occur before birth. Image credit: Darryl Leja, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health.

Bacteria Colonize Our Gut During and After Birth, New Study Shows

May 18, 2021 by News Staff

An international team of researchers from Germany and Canada has investigated whether bacteria could be detected in prenatal stool (meconium) samples. Kennedy...

Vegetarians have a healthier biomarker profile than meat-eaters. Image credit: Rita E.

Study: Vegetarians Have Healthier Biomarker Profile than Meat-Eaters

May 17, 2021 by News Staff

Vegetarians appear to have lower levels of disease biomarkers that can lead to cell damage and chronic disease, according to new research from the University...

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